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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (59)
  • Biomass  (33)
  • Matter waves and collective properties of cold atoms and molecules
  • Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Trachurus murphyi ; Strangomera bentincki ; marine environment ; Pelagic fisheries ; Stock assessment ; Trap fishing ; Bathymetric data ; Biomass ; Age determination ; Size-at-age ; Length-weight relationships ; Recruitment ; Fishery regulations
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed , Article
    Format: 266pp. & Anexos
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Trachurus murphyi ; Strangomera bentincki ; marine environment ; Stock assessment ; Trap fishing ; Bathymetric data ; Biomass ; Age determination ; Size-at-age ; Length-weight relationships ; Recruitment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Not Known , Article
    Format: iv, 229pp. & Anexos
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-11-29
    Description: Author(s): Rosario Vilaplana, D. Santamaría-Pérez, O. Gomis, F. J. Manjón, J. González, A. Segura, A. Muñoz, P. Rodríguez-Hernández, E. Pérez-González, V. Marín-Borrás, V. Muñoz-Sanjose, C. Drasar, and V. Kucek [Phys. Rev. B 84, 184110] Published Mon Nov 28, 2011
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: Author(s): R. Vilaplana, O. Gomis, F. J. Manjón, A. Segura, E. Pérez-González, P. Rodríguez-Hernández, A. Muñoz, J. González, V. Marín-Borrás, V. Muñoz-Sanjosé, C. Drasar, and V. Kucek We report an experimental and theoretical lattice dynamics study of bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3 ) up to 23 GPa together with an experimental and theoretical study of the optical absorption and reflection up to 10 GPa. The indirect bandgap of the low-pressure rhombohedral ( R- 3 m ) phase (α-Bi 2 Te 3 ) was obs... [Phys. Rev. B 84, 104112] Published Fri Sep 09, 2011
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 41 (1997), S. 721-729 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Poly(β-L-aspartate)s ; helical conformations ; quantum mechanical calculations ; cooperative energy effects ; helix stability ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformational preferences of the monomeric units of a series of poly(α-alkyl-β-L-aspartate)s were examined by quantum mechanical calculations. α-Alkyl-β-aspartamyl m-oligopeptides with a number of residues m ranging from 1 to 7 and arranged in the conformations experimentally observed for their corresponding polymers were computed. Both their total relative energies and their cooperative energy differences were compared as a function of the length of the oligopeptide and the nature of the alkyl side group. Results revealed that the 13/4 helical arrangement is the most stable structure for the isolated polymer chain for any side group, although a 17/4 helix becomes favored in the case of methyl and ethyl groups due to the packing effects. On the other hand, the stability of the 4/1 helix appears to be the preferred conformation for side groups with a branched constitution. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 41: 721-729, 1997
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 45 (1998), S. 119-133 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: conformations of D-alanyl-D-alanine ; β-lactam ; structural overlay ; AMBER force field ; AM1 ; ab initio ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this article a conformational analysis of the D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptide, both charged and neutral, has been carried out. The preferred conformations were determined by means of ab initio and semiempirical quantum, together with empirical force field calculations. The AMBER* force field and the 6-31 + G** and 6-31G** ab initio levels give rise to a coincident minimum energy structure, which, on the other hand, differs from that determined by AM1, 3-21 + G, and 3-21G. The solvent effect on the different charged and neutral conformations have been considered through the AMSOL semiempirical method. A quantification regarding the structural similarities between the different dipeptide conformations and the ampicillin has been performed. The results show that the best overlay is attained by the minimum structure energy obtained by using the 6-31 + G** methodology, which presents a planar amidic nitrogen. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 45: 119-133, 1998
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einige Festkörperrcaktionen. die zur Bildung von Polymer-Kristallen führen. werden diskutiert und es wird gezeigt, wie man die Ergebnisse der morphologischen Untersuchungen dazu verwenden kann, den Mechanismus der Festkörperpolymerisation aufzuklären. Beispiele für die folgenden drei Mechanismen werden im einzelnen behandelt: (a) Kristallisation der makromolckularen Ketten nach der Polymerisation, (b) simultane Polymerisation und Kristallisation, (c) Polymerisation in fester Lösung.Als ein Beispiel für Kristallisation nach bereits erfolgter Polymerisation wird die Morphologie von Ziegler-Natta Olefin-Polymerisaten diskutiert. Ein anderes Beispiel dafür liefert die kationische Polymerisation von 1,3,5-Trioxan aus Lösungen. Es wird gezeigt. daß in diesem Fall das System einem thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht zwischen der kristallinen Phase des Polymeren und dem gelösten Monomeren zustrebt. Dabei findet durch Aufbrechen der Kettenfalten und Einbau von Monomereinheiten ein Dickenwachstum der Kristalle statt, das schließlich zur Entstehung von gestrecktkettigen Kristallen durch diese Transacctalisierung führt.Die durch Bestrahlung oder katalytisch induzierte Festkörperpolymerisation von 1,3,5-Trioxan oder 1,3,5,7-Tetroxan stellt ein Beispiel für simultane Polymerisation und Kristallisation dar. Einige molekulare Modelle für das Wachstum der Ketten werden auf Grund der morphologischen Beobachtung entwickelt. Es zeigt sich, daß bei diesen Reaktionen im allgemeinen keine wirklichen gestrecktkettigen Kristalle des Poly(oxymethylen)s. (POM) entstehen; Ursache dafür ist entweder Kettenfaltung (Dichtefluktuation entlang der Faserachse) oder Zwillingsbildung (Orienticrungsfluktuation). Art und Ursprung der Zwillingsbildung von POM aus kristallinem 1,3,5-Trioxan wird im einzelnen erörtert.Die topochemische Polymerisation von Monomeren mit konjugierten Dreifachbindungen gibt ein Beispiel für Polymerisation in fester Lösung. Die Polymerketten wachsen als isolierte Einheiten im Gitter des Monomeren. In einigen Fällen kann das gesamte Monornere ohne Phasentrennung umgesetzt werden. Dadurch entstehen makroskopische Polymer-Einkristalle aus gestreckten Ketten. die bisher noch nicht auf andere Weise dargestellt werden konnten.
    Notes: Some solid-state reactions which give rise to the formation of polymer crystals are discussed and the observation of the nascent polymer morphology is used as a guide-line to learn about the reaction mechanism of solid-state polymerizations. Examples for the following three different mechanisms are treated in detail: (a) crystallization succeeding polymerization, (b) simultaneous polymerization and crystallization, and (c) polymerization in solid solution.The nascent morphology of poly(alkylene)s obtained by Ziegler-Natta catalysis is taken as an example for crystallization succeeding polymerization. Another example is the cationic polymerization of 1,3,5-trioxane from solution. In this case a thermodynamic equilibrium between the phases of the solid crystalline polymer and the dissolved monomer is approached; here, by breaking up chain folds and insertion of monomeric units, an increase in thickness of the crystals takes place, which finally leads to extended chain crystals by this transacetalization.The solid-state polymerization of 1,3,5-trioxane and 1,3,5,7-tetroxane as induced by high-energy radiation or catalysts is described as an example for simultaneous polymerization and crystallization. Possible molecular models of the chain growth are developed on the basis of the morphological observations. Truly extended chain crystals of poly(oxymethylene), (POM), cannot be obtained generally from solid 1,3,5-trioxane or 1,3,5,7-tetroxane; the reason for this is either chain-folding (density fluctuation along the fibre axis) or “twin”-structure formation (orientation fluctuation). The nature and origin of the “twin”-structure of POM from crystalline 1,3,5-trioxane is discussed in detail.Topochemical polymerization of monomers with conjugated triple-bonds is an example for polymerization in solid solution. The polymer chains grow as isolated macromolecules within the monomer lattice. Since quantitative conversion can be reached in some cases without phase separation, this comprises a method to produce macroscopic, extended chain polymer single crystals, which so far could not be prepared by another method.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In order to clarify the reaction mechanism of the solid-state polymerisation of 1,3,5-trioxane and 1,3,5,7-tetroxane as induced by gamma-radiation, the nascent textures and morphology of poly(oxymethylene) crystals were studied with light and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray scattering and differential thermal analysis techniques. In both cases poly(oxymethylene) crystals with fibrous morphology and “twin-structure” are obtained. The polymerization of 1,3,5,7-tetroxane gives rise to the formation of crystals where the preferred orientation of the polymer chain is the monomer b-axis; however, the fibrils showed ripples perpendicular to the main chain direction at a 70-240Å long period that depends extremely on the polymerization temperature. In the polymerization of 1,3,5-trioxane, POM crystals with 60% of the polymer chains in the direction of the monomer c-axis are obtained. The remaining chains are found in the “twin sub-crystals”. Dark field electron micrographs showed the sub-crystals to be an integral part of the fibrils. The material in the twin direction decreases, when the polymerization temperature or the yields increases; it never amounts to less than 30%. These results and the misfit between the lattices of the monomers and the nascent polymer indicate that the reactions which take place occur according to a simultaneous polymerization and crystallization mechanism through the gasphase. The polymerization process occurs easier at higher temperatures near the monomers' melting point due to the increase of monomer vapor pressure and diffusion processes in the monomer crystals. Molecular models of the chain growth are developed on the basis of the morphological observations.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The nascent crystal structure and morphology of poly(oxymethylene) (POM) obtained from 1,3,5-trioxane crystals, induced by gaseous chemical initiators, was studied in order to clarify the solid-state polymerization mechanisms of this monomer. The polymerization starts at the surface of the monomer crystals and propagates towards its interior. The polymerization rate, therefore, depends on the size of the crystals and not on the initiator amount. Hexagonal fibrous crystals without a main orientation were obtained on the surface of the monomer crystal. These crystals orientated themselves along the c-axis of the monomer, due to the polymerization propagation inside the crystals by simultaneous solid-gas polymerization and crystallization mechanisms. The orientation depended on the reactivity of the initiator, the order being: BF3-O(C2H5)2 〉 SnCl4 〉 H2SO4-paraformaldehyde. The orientation was also improved by increasing the polymerization temperature, obtaining POM crystals similar to those found by radiation induced polymerization. At low polymerization temperature folded chain crystals were obtained similar to those encountered by solution polymerization according to crystallization succeeding polymerization mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization and crystallization of polyoxymethylene obtained by sublimation of trioxane (1,3,5-trioxane) and tetroxane (1,3,5,7-tetroxocane) crystals was investigated. Electron microscopy techniques and thermal analysis were used to characterize the polymer crystals as produced and after annealing. The polyoxymethylene crystals resulting from tetroxane show a regular lamellar folded chain macroconformation similar to those previously reported by polymerization of tetroxane crystals chemically initiated. The polymerization follows a crystallization succeeding polymerization mechanism. Trioxane gives mainly fibrous crystals, showing well oriented electron diffraction diagrams and higher melting points, consisting mostly of extended chains. A “pseudolamellar” morphology was also observed, being established by annealing, that the chain directions are parallel to the edges of the crystals. The strange growing habit seems to be produced by disruption of the electrical field of the trioxane crystals by a water effect. The polymerization seems to follow mainly a simultaneous polymerization and crystallization mechanism. The initiation of the polymerization is in both cases due to the gaseous formaldehyde formed during sublimation.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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