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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psychomotor impairment and anticonvulsant therapy in adult epileptic patients (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1987), S. 655-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: epilepsy ; anticonvulsants ; psychomotor function ; therapeutic drug monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using a battery of simple tests, psychomotor performance was assessed in 11 healthy subjects, 14 untreated epileptic patients and 66 epileptics on chronic anticonvulsant medication. Significant differences were found between controls and untreated patients for choice reaction time, card sorting and Simple Simon memory game. Treated patients performed less well than both untreated epileptics and controls in choice reaction time (p〈0.05; p〈0.001), card sorting (p〈0.01; p〈0.001), Simple Simon (p〈0.05; p〈0.001) and finger tapping (p〈0.05; p〈0.001). Patients with centrencephalic epilepsy were slower than those with discrete focal EEG abnormalities in reaction time and card sorting. Patients receiving treatment with carbamazepine, phenytoin or sodium valproate alone all performed similarly to each other and to those patients taking anticonvulsant polypharmacy. Monotherapy patients with potentially “toxic” plasma anticonvulsant concentrations did no worse than those within or below the “therapeutic” range. Both the disease and its treatment reduce psychomotor performance. All major anticonvulsants appear to cause a similar degree of impairment across a wide range of concentrations. The effect of chronic anticonvulsant medication on “quality of life” should not be neglected in the pursuit of perfect seizure control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541291
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carbamazepine on psychomotor performance in näive subjects (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carbamazepine ; psychomotor function ; anticonvulsants ; epilepsy ; healthy subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of a single dose of carbamazepine (CBZ), 10 mg kg−1, on a battery of simple psychomotor tests was investigated in 12 healthy subjects (6 male, 6 female) in a balanced randomised double blind placebo controlled cross-over study. Psychomotor testing and blood sampling for total and free plasma CBZ, and CBZ 10, 11 epoxide concentration were performed at 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 34 h after oral dosing (23.00 h the previous evening). CBZ impaired i) critical flicker fusion threshold frequency at all time points up to 18 h (p〈0.005); ii) total choice reaction time at 10 h (p〈0.005) and 18 h (p〈0.008); iii) card sorting at 14 h (p〈0.001). No significant effect on finger tapping was noted. Subjects adjudged themselves more sedated on CBZ as compared to placebo at 12, 14 and 16 h (p〈0.008). Plasma total and free CBZ concentrations (mean ± SD) peaked at 10 h (8.8±0.2 mg l−1) and 16 h (1.88±0.3 mg l−1) after dosing respectively. CBZ 10, 11 epoxide values were all less than 10% of total CBZ concentrations and, therefore, were unlikely to contribute to the pharmacodynamic effect. Total choice reaction time was significantly more impaired in females (p〈0.05) but no sex difference occurred with the other tests or CBZ concentrations at any time point. No significant correlations were found between individual total or free CBZ concentrations and corresponding test performances at each time point. This study has demonstrated impairment of psychomotor function following CBZ in healthy subjects using a series of simply performed tests. This approach can now be applied to patients with epilepsy receiving long-term treatment with CBZ and other anticonvulsants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614193
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thyroid hormone concentrations in epileptic patients (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 213-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: epilepsy ; thyroid hormones ; anticonvulsants ; enzyme induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Anticonvulsants are associated with decreased serum thyroid hormone concentrations. We have studied thyroid function in 54 epileptic patients on a variety of drugs (19 on carbamazepine, 13 on phenytoin, 10 on sodium valproate, 12 on polypharmacy). For comparison, 14 untreated epileptics and 11 healthy unmedicated volunteers were included as controls. Total thyroxine (T4) concentrations were reduced in patients taking enzyme-inducing drugs (carbamazepine and/or phenytoin) compared with both controls and patients taking sodium valproate. Similar differences were shown with each individual drug. All nine patients whose circulating T4 was below the lower limit of the reference range were taking enzyme inducers. Free thyroxine concentrations were also reduced in individuals treated with carbamazepine and phenytoin with five values falling beneath the reference range. Tri-iodothyronine and thyrotropin appeared unaffected by anticonvulsant administration. Thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation revealed no true hypothyroidism. The lowering effect of anticonvulsant drugs on circulating total and free T4 was not exhibited by the non-inducing sodium valproate. These data support the influence of enzyme induction as a likely mechanism for reduced thyroxine concentrations in treated epileptic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558149
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  • 4
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    Long-term sustainability of a high-energy, low-diversity crustal biome (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-21
    Description: Geochemical, microbiological, and molecular analyses of alkaline saline groundwater at 2.8 kilometers depth in Archaean metabasalt revealed a microbial biome dominated by a single phylotype affiliated with thermophilic sulfate reducers belonging to Firmicutes. These sulfate reducers were sustained by geologically produced sulfate and hydrogen at concentrations sufficient to maintain activities for millions of years with no apparent reliance on photosynthetically derived substrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Li-Hung -- Wang, Pei-Ling -- Rumble, Douglas -- Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna -- Boice, Erik -- Pratt, Lisa M -- Sherwood Lollar, Barbara -- Brodie, Eoin L -- Hazen, Terry C -- Andersen, Gary L -- DeSantis, Todd Z -- Moser, Duane P -- Kershaw, Dave -- Onstott, T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):479-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. lhlin@ntu.edu.tw〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/classification/*isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Biodiversity ; DNA, Ribosomal/analysis/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Gold ; Hydrogen/analysis/metabolism ; Mining ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; South Africa ; Sulfates/*metabolism ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics ; Time ; *Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    How to conserve the tropics as they warm (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brodie, Jedediah -- Post, Eric -- Laurance, William -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 2;468(7324):634. doi: 10.1038/468634c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21124438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; Fires/prevention & control ; Forestry/*methods ; *Global Warming ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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