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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of metal-contaminated water using bacterial sulfate reduction: Results from pilot-scale reactors (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 609-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Bacterial sulfate reduction ; limestone dissolution ; anaerobic reactors ; heavy metal sulfides ; spent mushroom compost ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Simple anaerobic reactors were installed to treat metal-contaminated water in an underground coal mine and at a smelting residues dump in Pennsylvania. The reactors consisted of barrels and tanks filled with spent mushroom compost, within which bacterial sulfate reduction became established. Concentrations of Al, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn were typically lowered by over 95% as contaminated water flowed through the reactors. Cadmium, Fe, Ni, and some Zn were retained as insoluble metal sulfides following their reaction with bacterially generated H2S. Aluminum, Mn, and some Zn hydrolyzed and were retained as insoluble hydroxides or carbonates. Reactor effluents were typically circumneutral in pH and contained net alkalinity. The principal sources of alkalinity in the reactors were bacterial sulfate reduction and limestone dissolution. This article examines the chemistry of the reactor systems and the opportunities for enhancing their metal-retaining and alkalinity-generating potential. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400508
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shift from growth to nutrient-limited maintenance kinetics during biofilter acclimation (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 56 (1997), S. 330-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biofilter ; kinetics ; maintenance metabolism ; acclimation ; biomass ; nutrient limitation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During long-term operation of a biofilter, the mandatory absence of net cell growth forces the cells into maintenance metabolism, which is of relatively low rate compared to substrate consumption during the active growth of the acclimation phase. A model based on this shift in metabolism can explain the postacclimation decrease in activity sometimes reported for biofilters. The cessation of growth can be caused by nutrient depletion in the bed. Postacclimation nutrient addition increases activity primarily by allowing a return to the high substrate consumption rate of active growth, and only secondarily helps raise bed activity because of the ultimately higher amount of biomass in the bed. Simulations incorporating the acclimation period and the role of maintenance metabolism predict about 4 logarithms of growth during acclimation of a hexane biofilter, which was confirmed experimentally. Changes in a biofilter's biomass during the acclimation phase can be estimated from substrate conversion data using two approximate methods. The first follows the cumulative amount of substrate converted and uses the estimated yield of cells from substrate during active growth to estimate the total biomass created. The second method follows a rate constant for conversion of substrate in the bed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 56: 330-339, 1997.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State of the art in fermentation air filtration (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 844-847 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article presents several characteristics of a state-of-the-art fermentation air filter. The filter medium is composed solely of PTFE and has an absolute pore size rating of 0.2 μm. Quantitative bacteria and bacteriophage retention is shown based on live organism challenge tests. A nondestructive filter test, correlated to the microorganism challenge tests and called the Forward Flow Integrity Test, is described. This test has a sensitivity of one part in 1012 and can be performed in situ.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260805
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of contact-inhibited animal cell growth on flat surfaces and spheres (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 300-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model of contact-inhibited growth of cells on flat and spherical surfaces is presented. It shows that contact inhibition does not significantly affect the calculated growth rate of cells unless they are allowed to multiply a large amount from the original seeding density. Microcarriers seeded at low densities require long times to reach confluence because contact inhibition becomes important. In systems with both growth and separate cell death, the equilibrium fraction of holes in the confluent monolayer is below 8% if the death rate is less than half the growth rate, but increases rapidly as the death rate increases from that value.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260330308
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of relatively large sample volumes to thin-layer polyacrylamide gels (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 3 (1982), S. 231-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150030410
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved detection of lymphocyte membrane proteins in purified form and as a crude mixture using native and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by optimisation of Coomassie Brilliant Blue and silver staining (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 11 (1990), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Optimised silver staining protocols were devised for the detection of membrane proteins in purified form and as a crude mixture. These were adduced in both sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and consisted of ethanol-acetic acid-formaldehyde fixation, Coomassie Brilliant Blue prestaining, Rapidfix pretreatment, formaldehyde enhancement and finally ammoniacal silver staining. With these modifications, numerous staining problems of membrane proteins were overcome. These included reduction in background staining, enhanced detection sensitivity in native gels, elimination of negative staining and the avoidance of metallic silver deposition on the gel surface. In overcoming these problems, some factors determining the colour and stainability of membrane proteins in their native state were determined. Both the anionic Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye and SDS detergent improved the sensitivity of silver staining in native gels, and ammoniacal silver was more sensitive than neutral silver, suggesting silver staining to be a charge dependent process.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150110112
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A system for automated DNA electrophoresis, molecular hybridization and electronic detection: I Electrophoresis and hybridization (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 8 (1987), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have designed and constructed a computer-controlled, fully automated system for Southern-type nucleic acid hybridization analysis. Restriction enzyme digests of DNA are placed into sample wells of the gel contained on a nine-fingered plastic frame. The 32-labeled probe is loaded into the hybridization chamber. Instructions for all the subsequent steps in the fully automated process are specified by the operator's answers to questions which appear on the computer screen at the start of the experiment. The system performs horizontal submarine electrophoresis. An adjustable endpoint detector concludes electrophoresis. Automatic voltage/temperature feedback control maintains maximum allowable voltage while keeping the temperature constant. Following electrophoresis a robot arm moves the gel frame from station to station. The system then affixes the separated fragments to a solid phase matrix, denatures, neutralizes, hybridizes, washes, dries and detects the 32 P according to the specifications preprogrammed by the operator. The results, printed out by the computer, give a plot of radioactivity versus distance from the origin for each of the nine simultaneous hybridizations.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150080602
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of free zone electrophoresis of fixed erythrocytes performed in microgravity (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 6 (1985), S. 3-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A free fluid zone electrophoresis experiment was performed in the microgravity environment of Space Shuttle flight STS-3 (March 1983). The experiment was designed to confirm observations made on the Apollo-Soyuz mission of 1975 and to test the effect of high red blood cell (RBC) concentration on free fluid electrophoresis. Photographic documentation of cell zone progression in one-hour separations of mixtures of formaldehyde-fixed human and rabbit erythrocytes (RBC), which were subjected to a field of approximately 13 V cm-1 in low ionic strength buffer, was analyzed. One of two columns contained 2 × 108 RBC ml-1 (low concentration), and the other contained 1 × 109 RBC ml-1 (high concentration). The observed and calculated leading edge displacements of the RBC in the two columns were in agreement, indicating the absence of unexpected effects of the reduced gravity environment. Post-flight analyses of the contents of the columns was not possible, and additional microgravity experiments are needed to evaluate the role of particle-particle interactions in concentrated suspensions undergoing electrophoresis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150060103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sample band spreading phenomena in ground and spacebased electrophoretic separators (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 7 (1986), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sample stream spreading in the transverse direction (direction perpendicular to the chamber center plane) is calculated for two ground-based and one space-based continuous flow electrophoresis chambers. The magnitude of transverse sample stream spreading is shown to be a function of the difference in electrical conductivity between the sample and curtain buffer. Sample/buffer conductivity mismatch distorts the normally uniform electrical field in the vicinity of the sample to produce transverse field components which, in turn, deflect sample material toward the chamber walls. These results indicate that non-gravity effects are important and must be resolved in order for space-based continuous flow electrophoresis to achieve its maximum potential.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150070303
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the relationship of amino acid composition to silver staining of proteins in electrphoresis gels (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 7 (1986), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Development of techniques for silver staining of proteins separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has increased experimental detection limits. However, the precise basis for the reaction between silver and polypeptides is still unclear and, depending upon the choice of silver reagent, may even differ. We compared protein stain intensity with silver diamine (ammoniacal silver) and silver nitrate reagents based on amino acid composition by determining the protein amount required to generate an arbitrary staining intensity and then calculating moles of each amino acid present in some representative proteins. We compared these values for each amino acid, taken singly, as well as for combinations of two and more. In no case could staining be attributed entirely to specific or classes of amino acids, thus supporting the argument that an inherent difference exists between primary reactive centers for the two staining reagents.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150070708
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