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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of suspension culture systems for the growth of murine lymphoblastoid lines expressing TL and Thy-1 alloantigens (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 629-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As a prelude to our studies on TL and Thy-1 differentiation alloantigens, three murine lymphobhastoid cell lines were examined for expression of these components. Optimal conditions for their mass culture were also determined. Several suspension culture systems were evaluated: (a) 50 ml through 500 ml Wheaton and Bellco spinner flasks as well as 1, 4, and 8 liter Wheaton flasks modified for semicontinuous culture conditions, (b) 3 liter Chemapec Vibrofermentor, and (c) 14 liter New Brunswick fermentor. Utilizing these types of vessels the optimal culture conditions were evaluated as to the effect of: (1) pH, (2) initial concentration of cell inoculum, (3) types of media, and (4) methods of gassing and gas mixtures on the rate of growth and alloantigen expression. This study demonstrated that cells could be cultured on a semicontinuous basis up to densities of 2-4 × 106 cells/ml if a vessel of appropriate dimensions was utilized, the appropriate medium selected, and the pH controlled by CO2 and air overlay. Once these parameters were established the growth of a given cell line was highly reproducible: Under optimal culture conditions the expression of Thy-1 was maximum while the cells were in the exponential stage of growth and reduced during the lag and stationary phases of growth. The expression of TL did not vary as significantly during the various stages of growth. One cell line grown in medium supplemented with 10% horse serum expressed lass Thy-1 than those grown in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. The factors affecting cell growth and alloantigen expression have been considered in the design of a large-scale suspension culture facility for culturing 1000 liters of cells per week.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260170503
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcohol precipitation of proteins: The relationship of denaturation and precipitation for catalase (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2569-2590 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The precipitation of crude beef liver catalase at 4°C by the lower alcohols could be correlated in a manner analogous to that used for salting out precipitations with ammonium sulfate. At high alcohol concentrations, however, the analogy breaks down since denaturation effects must betaken into account Depending upon the concentration of the alcohol and temperature, the denaturation transition may be either thermally induced or solvent induced. When the precipitated enzyme was redissolved in buffer, not all forms could refold spontaneously to a catalytically active conformation. The data on the precipitation yields of catalase correlated well with denaturation diagrams previously developed. Thus, a quantitative basis could be established to relate the sensitive performance of the technique to the experimental conditions. A further correlation between the amino-acid composition of the enzyme and the optimal concentration of alcohol required for precipitation may provide a guide for the extension of this work to other systems.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231114
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved operational stability of cell-free glucose-fructose oxidoreductase from Zymomonas mobilis for the efficient synthesis of sorbitol and gluconic acid in a continuous ultrafiltration membrane reactor (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 53 (1997), S. 623-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: glucose-fructose oxidoreductase ; Zymomonas mobilis ; free enzyme ; continuous production ; stability ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For the continuous, enzymatic synthesis of sorbitol and gluconic acid by cell-free glucose-fructose oxidoreductase (GFOR) from Zymomonas mobilis, the principal determinants of productivity have been identified. Most important, the rapid inactivation of the soluble enzyme during substrate conversion can be avoided almost completely when weak bases such as tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan or imidazol are used for the titration of the produced gluconic acid and when 5-10 mM dithiothreitol are added to prevent thiol oxidations. With regard to a long-term operational stability of the enzyme for continuous syntheses, thermal deactivation becomes significant at reaction temperatures above 30°C. Without any additional purification being required, the crude cell extract of Z. mobilis can be employed in a continuous ultrafiltration membrane reactor over a time period of more than 250 h without significant decrease in substrate conversion or enzyme activity. The use of soluble GFOR thus appears to be an interesting alternative to employing permeabilized cells of Zymomonas for the production of sorbitol and gluconic acid and may be superior with regard to reactor productivities, at comparable operational stabilities. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 53: 623-629, 1997.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The “azotopure” process for treating nitrogen-deficient aqueous wastesPresented at 164th National Meeting of American Chemical Society, New York, N. Y., August 28-31, 1972. (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 413-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Many chemical and food processing wastes are deficient in nitrogen, and must therefore be supplemented with domestic sewage or ammonia to dispose of them by conventional biological treatment. A more economical treatment, especially of strong wastes, is possible by maintaining a semipure culture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a stirred aerated tank. When operated as a chemostat with 4 to 6 hr detention time, removal of 85% of the COD is possible in a single step without the need for clarifiers or digesters. A clarified effluent could also be produced by flotation or sedimentation of the flocculated bacteria. In that case there would be 99% removal of COD and a reduction in the amount of sludge by two-thirds over the conventional activated sludge process.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260150215
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activated sludge treatment of synthetic wastewater containing pentachlorophenol (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2165-2176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Activated sludge treatment of a pentachlorophenol (PCP)-containing synthetic waste was examined. With a waste containing some sugars, and 40-120 mg/L PCP, laboratory activated sludge required about seven days for acclimation. However, the prior addition of a quasipure culture of PCP-metabolizing Arthrobacter resulted in immediate acclimation. Even with acclimated sludge, however, the system was upset for two days by a simple step change from 40 to 120 mg/L of PCP. The stability of the system to such a shock load was considerably improved when a chemostat culture of the PCP-metabolizing Arthrobacter was fed slowly into the mixed liquor. Kinetic models were developed to describe the dynamic response of the system in terms of growth parameters, hydraulic detention time, sludge age, and bleed-in rate from the chemostat.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250905
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microdensitometric measures of cytoplasmic RNA and total protein in pyramidal neurons of the insular cortex and midfrontal gyrus in patients with Alzheimer's disease (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 13 (1995), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; microdensitometry ; RNA ; protein ; insular cortex ; midfrontal gyrus ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Scanning and integrating microdensitometry of azure B- and Coomassie brilliant blue G-stained tissue sections was used to measure the levels of RNA and protein, respectively, in pyramidal neurons of the insular cortex (INS) and midfrontal gyrus (MFG) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched, nondemented control subjects. AD was associated with a decreased neuronal RNA (by 7·4 per cent) and protein (by 28·7 per cent) content in INS. Although the neuronal RNA content was maintained at the control amounts in MFG, the average protein level was lower (14·7 per cent) in AD patients. These results demonstrate a disease-related impairment in metabolic function in two brain regions connected via discrete corticocortical pathways. Such findings support the hypothesis that a primary site of pathology occurs in AD, and specific neural deficits occur secondarily in certain connected brain regions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290130410
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