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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of schardinger β-dextrin by soluble and immobilized cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase of an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 87-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Succiylated cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (EC.3.2.1.19) of an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. was adsorbed on a vinylpyridine copolymer. The enzyme had about 25% of the activity of soluble enzyme added. No increase of pH or thermal stability of the enzyme was observed by the adsorption, whereas optimum temperature for the enzyme action was shifted from 50 to 55°C. The enzyme converted starch to cyclodextrins without significant loss of activity under the conditions of 4 times reusing of 6 hr conversion by the batch system or 2 weeks continuous reaction by the column system at 55°C and pH 8.0. About 46% of the potato starch solution [15% (w/v)] was converted to cyclodextrins by the enzyme, and 52% was converted by the simultaneous action of the enzyme and alkaline pullulanase of alkalophilic Bacullus sp.(No.202-1). These values were almost the same as those obtained by the soluble enzyme or enzyme system.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260190108
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic equation for hydrolysis of polysaccharides by mixed exo- and endoenzyme systems (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1393-1398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230618
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of Nitrosomonas europaea cells with polyelectrolyte complex (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1591-1603 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cell immobilization with polyelectrolyte complex prepared from strongly polyacidic and polybasic ions was investigated for cells from Nitrosomonas europaea (ATCC 25978). Trimethylammonium glycol chitosan (TGCI) and potassium poly(vinyl-alcohol) sulfate (KPVS) were used. The immobilization was carried out by directly mixing both polymer solutions with the culture broth: An excess of TGCI was first added to the culture broth to aggregate the cells, and then KPVS was added to form the complex with the excess TGCI and to entrap the aggregates with the resulting complex. From physiocochemical studies on the cell aggregation, the mechanism can be interpreted in terms of the adsorption of polyion caused by the salt linkages of the ionizable groups on the cell surface. The result of an electron microscopic observation showed that the cells are situated in the pores and on the surface of the complex support. When the immobilized cells were incubated in a medium buffered by phosphate and containing ammonium sulfate, a considerable amount of nitrite was formed; this was shown to be caused by the entrapped cells and also those cells released from the support and grown in the medium. The ammonia-oxidizing activity was retained even after a total of 200 h of incubation in a batch reactor. No deformation of the complex support was observed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240712
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcohol fermentation of starch by a genetic recombinant yeast having glucoamylase activity (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 53 (1997), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: starch fermentation ; recombinant yeast ; ethanol production ; glucoamylase activity ; fed-batch culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Alcohol fermentation of starch was investigated using a direct starch fermenting yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae SR93, constructed by integrating a glucoamylase-producing gene (STA1) into the chromosome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SH1089. The glucoamylase was constitutively produced by the recombinant yeast. The ethanol concentration produced by the recombinant yeast was 14.3 g/L which was about 1.5-fold higher than by the conventional mixed culture using an amylolytic microorganism and a fermenting microorganism. About 60% of the starch was converted into ethanol by the recombinant yeast, and the ethanol yield reached its maximum value of 0.48 at the initial starch concentration of 50 g/L. The fed-batch culture, which maintains the starch concentration in the range of 30 to 50 g/L, was used to produce a large amount of ethanol from starch. The amount of ethanol produced in the fed-batch culture increased about 20% compared to the batch culture. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of fungal pretreatment and steam explosion pretreatment on enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 719-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: plant biomass ; enzymatic saccharification ; fungal treatment ; steam explosion ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of consecutive treatments by a lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium and by steam explosion for the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass were studied experimentally, and the optimal operational conditions for obtaining the maximum saccharification were evaluated. Beech wood-meal was treated by the fungus for 98 days and then by high steam temperatures of 170-230°C with steaming times of 0-10 min. The treatment of the wood-meal by fungus prior to steam explosion enhanced the saccharification of wood-meal. The treated wood-meal was separated into holo-cellulose, water soluble material, methanol soluble lignin, and Klason lignin. The saccharification decreased linearly with the increase in the amount of Klason lignin. It was estimated by the equation for the saccharification of exploded wood-meal expressed as a function of steam temperature and steaming time that the maximum saccharification of wood-meal was obtained by consecutive treatments such as fungal treatment for 28 days and then steam explosion at a steam temperature of 215°C and a steaming time of 6.5 min. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260480621
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of lycopene by the food yeast, Candida utilis that does not naturally synthesize carotenoid (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 58 (1998), S. 306-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: lycopene ; Candida utilis ; carotenoids ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Erwinia uredovora crtE, crtB, and crtI genes, which are responsible for the synthesis of carotenoid lycopene from farnesyl pyrophosphate, were expressed in Candida utilis under the control of the promoters and terminators derived from the C. utilis GAP, PGK, and PMA genes, respectively. The yeast transformant carrying the carotenoid biosynthesis genes produced 758 μg/g dry weight of lycopene along with 407 μg/g dry weight of phytoene in the stationary phase. It was observed in the C. utilis transformant that ergosterol content was decreased to 65% of that in the parent strain that accumulated 6.04 mg/g dry weight of ergosterol. It is therefore possible that the carbon flux for the ergosterol biosynthesis has been branched at farnesyl pyrophosphate to generate a new pathway for the lycopene production in this yeast transformant. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 58:306-308, 1998.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of serum amino acid profile in hepatic failure with the bioartificial liver using multicellular hepatocyte spheroids (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 50 (1996), S. 416-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: spheroids ; encapsulation ; hollow fiber ; artificial liver ; liver ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We designed a bioartificial liver support system in which encapsulated multicellular spheroids of rat hepatocytes were utilized as a bioreactor in a hollow fiber cartridge. The spheroids, formed in a positively charged polystyrene dish that contained hormonally defined medium, were encapsulated into microdroplets of agarose that contained about 9 × 107 rat hepatocytes. The medium, including 150 mL reservoir volume, was circulated in a closed circuit in which the cartridge was inserted. The pH and levels of dissolved oxygen were monitored and automatically regulated so that they were maintained within a constant range for 72 h. Albumin accumulated in the circuit at the rate of 2.0 mg/L/h in this system. When the bioreactor cells in the system were replaced with Hep G2 cells, a human hepatoblastoma cell line, albumin accumulated at the rate of 0.15 mg/L/h. The spheroids of primary culture hepatocytes had 13 times higher albumin-producing capacity than the aggregates of Hep G2. The serum of a patient with fulminant hepatic failure was circulated in this system with the spheroids of primary culture hepatocytes. The concentration of branched amino acid (BCAA) in the circuit significantly increased during the 48 h circulation, while the concentration of aromatic amino acid (AAA) and methionine decreased. The ratio of BCAA/AAA increased from 0.640 to 0.772, indicating that the hepatocyte spheroids had improved the imbalance of the amino acid profile in the serum. These findings indicate that this system may be a useful model for an artificial liver support. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of marine biofouling using a conductive paint electrode (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 59 (1998), S. 374-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: conductive paint electrode ; prevention of marine biofouling ; fishing net ; alternating potential ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conductive paint electrode was used for marine biofouling on fishing nets by electrochemical disinfection. When a potential of 1.2 V vs. a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) was applied to the conductive paint electrode, Vibrio alginolyticus cells attached on the electrode were completely killed. By applying a negative potential, the attached cells were removed from the surface of the electrode. Changes in pH and chlorine concentration were not observed at potentials in the range -0.6 ∼1.2 V vs. SCE. In a field experiment, accumulation of the bacterial cells and formation of biofilms on the electrode were prevented by application of an alternating potential, and 94% of attachment of the biofouling organisms was inhibited electrically on yarn used for fishing net coated with conductive paint. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:374-378, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of polyelectrolyte-coated pH-sensitive poly(styrene) microcapsules and their application to initiation-cessation control of an enzyme reaction (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Poly(styrene) microcapsules, prepared by depositing the polymer around emulsified aqueous droplets, were coated with a synthesized polyelectrolyte; i.e., copolymer of maleic acid (MA) with methyl vinyl ether (MVE), co-poly(MA, MVE), or with styrene (St), copoly(Ma, St). The permeability of the capsule membrane was investigated under various pHs of the outer medium using n-propyl alcohol as a permeant. It became apparent that either copoly(MA, St)- or copoly(MA, MVE)-coated microcapsules function as a pH-sensitive capsule. In particular, the former showed a dramatic change of the permeability in response to small differences in pH (5-6). By reference to the viscometric and electrophoretic studies of both copolymers, these were interpreted as being due to a pH-induced alteration of the configuration of the copolymer coating on the surface of the capsule membrane. When sucrose was hydrolyzed in an aqueous suspension of the copoly(MA, St)-coated capsules into which invertase was loaded, the hydrolytic reaction was initiated at pH 5. 5 and stopped at pH 4. 5. Such initiation-cessation control was repeated reversibly without damaging the capsules.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320305
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple and rapid method for HLA-DQA1 genotyping by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism and restriction enzyme cleavage analysis (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 13 (1992), S. 877-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple and rapid method for identification of alleles at the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1 locus is described. The polymorphic second exon of the HLA-DQA1 locus was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The amplified DNA was analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and restriction enzyme cleavage assay. Using this method, he eight known DQA1 alleles could be distinguished from each other. This paper suggests that the method can be used for quick genotyping of DQA1 alleles, but detecting point mutations at various positions in a fragment as well as new HLA-DQA1 genotypes should also be possible.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501301191
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