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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcoholic fermentation: On the inhibitory effect of ethanol (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The inhibitory effect of ethanol is studied during alcoholic fermentation in strict anaerobiosis (initial dissolved oxygen stripped by gasing pure nitrogen). It is demonstrated that the ethanol produced during the batch fermentation is more inhibitory than the added ethanol (in the range of 0 to 72.6g/liter). By analogy with noncompetitive enzyme kinetic inhibition, the inhibition constant for added ethanol is 105.2 g/liter and 3.8 g/liter for produced ethanol, which exhibits the same inhibition effects in all experiments where ethanol was added. The measurement of the intracellular alcohol concentration can explain the dual inhibitory effects of ethanol.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230113
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-stage batch process for the production of ajmalicine by Catharanthus roseus: The link between growth and production stage (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: ajmalicine ; Catharanthus roseus ; alkaloid formation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The link between the growth stage and the production stage in a two-stage batch process was investigated using (filtered) inocula from different periods of the stationary phase of the growth cycle. In the production stage, ajmalicine production by Catharanthus roseus in a 3-L stirred tank reactor was induced with a high glucose concentration (80 g/L). Ajmalicine production in cultures started with cells from the late stationary phase was five times higher than in cultures started with cells from the early stationary phase. After transfer to the production stage, cells from the early stationary phase showed a transient increase in respiration and enzyme induction, followed by culture browning. In contrast, cells in the late stationary phase showed a typical induction pattern: constant respiration, and permanent enzyme induction. A striking similarity between the geraniol-10-hydroxylase (G10H) activity and the ajmalicine accumulation profile could be observed in all cultures, suggesting that G 10H regulated ajmalicine production in this investigation. The intracellular nitrate concentration was significantly higher in the inoculum showing a high ajmalicine production than in the inoculum with a low production. Consequently, nitrate may act as a marker for the start of the production stage: as soon as the nitrate is depleted in the growth medium secondary metabolism can be induced. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence on growth phase and temperature of the composition of a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 681-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biomass energetic yield ; cyanobacterial composition ; degree of reduction ; growth temperature ; heat of combustion ; maintenance coefficient ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of growth pahase and temperature on the molecular and elemental composition of Anabaena variabilis cells grown under nitrogen-fixing conditions have been studied in batch cultures. Irrespective of the growth temperature, this cyanobacterium underwent a gradual increase in its protein and lipid contents in the transition from exponential to deceleration pahse that was accompanied by a parallel decrease in carbohydrates and nucleic acids. Also in response to this, transition increases in carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen contents with a concomitant decline in oxygen content was a common pattern for all growth temperatures tested. Whereas temperature rise did not affect significantly the protein and carbohydrate contents in exponentially growing cells, for cells in the deceleration phase proteins declined and carbohydrates increased with increasing temperature. From growth and elemental composition data several bioenergetic parameters were derived for A. variabilis cells. Both aging of cultures and rise in temperature resulted in increases of both biomass degree of reduction and heat of combustion. Nevertheless, biomass energetic yield was only slightly affected by variations in growth temperature and the maintenance coefficient was virtually constant within the range of temperatures tested. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400606
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of oxygen and nutrients limitation on ajmalicine production and related enzyme activities in high density cultures of Catharanthus roseus (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 461-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Catharanthus roseus ; ajmalicine production ; enzyme activities ; dissolved oxygen ; nutrients concentration ; high density culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxygen and nutrient limitation was investigated in order to identify the origin of a lower specific ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus cultures at high cell densities in an induction medium. The effect of oxygen limitation was explored by comparing two identically aerated and agitated high cell density bioreactor cultures with dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 15% and 85% of air saturation, with respect to alkaloid formation and related enzymes activities. Oxygen had an evident effect on ajmalicine production: in the high DO cultures production was more than 5 times higher than in the low DO cultures. The difference in ajmalicine production between high and low DO could not be explained by the enzyme activity profiles. Moreover, the productivity in the high density culture could not restored to the level of a low density culture (at a high DO) by increasing the DO alone. The effect of nutrient limitation was studied with response surface methodology in shake flask cultures. Nutrient limitation could not be demonstrated to be responsible for the productivity loss. Alkaloid and enzyme measurements in the shake flask cultures supported previous findings that the tryptamine pathway may regulate alkaloid production, provided that the terpenoid pathway is sufficiently active. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440409
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid detection and characterization of plant virused by agarose gel electrophoresis: Size, surface charge and heterogeneity of panicum mosaic and related viruses (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 5 (1984), S. 202-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using panicum mosaic virus (PMV) and several St. Augustine decline strains of PMV (SAD) as test viruses, previously developed procedures of agarose gel electrophoresis (reviewed in P. Serwer, Electrophoresis 1983, 3, 375-382) have been used for the first time to detect and characterize plant viruses. PMV and some SAD strains produce two particles that copurify during rate zonal sedimentation, but form separate bands during agarose gel electrophoresis (forms 1 and 2). By measuring electrophoretic mobility (μ) as a function of agarose percentage and correcting for electroosmosis, it was found that: (a) form 1 has a solid support-free μ (μ0) different from the μ0 of form 2, and (b) forms 1 and 2 have the same radius (14.6 ± 0.6nm). Form 1 is indistinguishable from form 2 by either electron microscopy or sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The μ0 of form 1 and the relative amount of forms 1 and 2 vary with the virus strain and can be used to help identify strains. A previously described satellite of PMV and some SAD strains also has two forms. The radius of the satellite of one SAD strain was found to be 7.6 ± 0.3 nm. A procedure of differential gel staining was developed for distinguishing the 14.6 nm virus from its 7.6 nm satellite. After agarose gel electrophoresis of either totally unfractionated or partially fractionated, infected grass extracts, virus particles wer detected without interference from host components. The procedures used here should be useful for rapid disease diagnosis and strain typing of the above and possibly other plant viruses.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150050404
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed field agarose gel electrophoresis in the study of morphogenesis: Packaging of double-stranded DNA in the capsids of bacteriophages (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 14 (1993), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To understand how comparatively simple macromolecular components become biological systems, studies are made of the morphogenesis of bacteriophages. Pulsed field agarose gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has contributed to these studies by: (i) improving the length resolution of both mature, linear, double-stranded bacteriophage DNAs and the concatemers formed both in vivo and in vitro by the end-to-end joining of these mature bacteriophage DNAs, (ii) improving the resolution of circular conformers of bacteriophage DNAs, (iii) improving the resolution of linear single-stranded bacteriophage DNAs, (iv) providing a comparatively simple technique for analyzing protein-DNA complexes, and (v) providing a solid-phase quantitative assay for all forms of bacteriophage DNA; solid-phase assays are both less complex and more efficient than liquid-phase assays such as rate zonal centrifugation. Conversely, studies of bacteriophages have contributed to PFGE the DNA standards used for determining the length of nonbacteriophage DNAs. Among the solid-phase assays based on PFGE is an assay for excluded volume effects.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150140148
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of insulin receptors in isolated epithelial cells of rat ventral prostate: Effect of fasting (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 4 (1986), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Insulin ; peptide hormone receptor ; prostatic epithelial cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Insulin receptors have been characterized in rat prostatic epithelial cells by using [125I]insulin and a variety of physicochemical conditions. The binding data at equilibrium (2h at 15°C) could be interpreted in terms of two populations of insulin receptors: a class of receptors with high affinity (Kd = 2·16 nM) and low binding capacity (28·0 fmol mg-1 protein), and another class of receptors with low affinity (Kd = 0·29 μM) and high binding capacity (1·43 pmol mg-1 protein). Proinsulin exhibited a 63-fold lower affinity than insulin for binding sites whereas unrelated peptides were ineffective. The specific binding of insulin increased by about 50 per cent after 96 h of fasting; this increase could be explained by an increase of both the number of the high affinity-low capacity sites and the affinity of the low affinity-high capacity sites. These results together with previous studies on insulin action at the prostatic level strongly suggest that insulin may exert a physiological role on the prostatic epithelium.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290040103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isoelectric focusing and titration curves in biomedicine and in agrofood industries: A multimedia teaching program (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 17 (1996), S. 479-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Isoelectric focusing ; Titration curves ; Multimedia teaching program ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aim of this 45 min, 60 megabyte, modular program is to initiate students, scientists and engineers of biotechnology, biomedicine and agrofood industries into isoelectric focusing (IEF) and titration curves for analytical (e.g. IEF, zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, electrotransfer) and preparative (e.g. ionexchange chromatography, chromatofocusing) application of charge-dependent methods. For advanced teaching, the following theoretical and practical aspects may be of interest: pH gradient engineering, IEF resolving power, generation of pH gradient, sample-ampholyte interactions, pH gradient drift, immobilized pH gradients (IPG), IPG-two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis, preparative methods with multi-compartments and IPG membranes, capillary IEF, isozyme analysis, etc.). The program associates fixed and animated drawings, and computer-assisted simulations, with spoken and written commentaries (in English). It is illustrated with numerous IEF gel patterns and titration curves and some video sequences to be run on a multimedia PC with MS Windows 3.1 (or later releases) as the only software. The linear presentation of the program may be used directly on the PC, or may be projected on a screen from the PC, for small classes or for a larger audience (200 persons). Its development as an interactive multimedia program is in progress and will soon be available on the Internet.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150170308
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the biomass quality and photosynthetic efficiency of a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium grown outdoors with two agitation systems (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 819-824 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The efficiency of two different agitation systems (airlift and paddlewheel) in the biomass photoproduction of a nitrogen-fixing filamentous blue-green alga was evaluated outdoors, and the elemental and molecular composition of the cells grown with each system was analyzed. With the paddlewheel system, the productivity values achieved were over 30% higher than with the airlift system, both in summer and winter. In this last season, a conversion efficiency of total solar energy into stored biomass energy of 3.3% was estimated for the paddlewheel system. Moreover, the algal cells grown with this system exhibited a higher net protein (58.9% of dry weight) and nitrogen (11.3%) content than those grown with the airlift device, with an estimated nitrogen fixation rate of more than 2 g N m-2 day-1. These advantages of the paddlewheel system make this procedure more appropriate for the large-scale photoproduction of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae outdoors.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340611
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