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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (9)
  • ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS  (2)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (2)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: It is shown through the use of transformation theory that unique semiclassical atomic scattering states which obey the asymptotic conditions of formal scattering theory can be derived by transforming 'nontraveling' atomic states, ie., states whose coordinate variables are referred to a stationary origin, to frames at rest with respect to the incoming or outgoing particles. An overview of the problem of properly defining such scattering states is presented. The operator which carries out the necessary transformation from inertial to noninertial frames is derived and its properties are discussed. The relation of this transformation operator to the 'translation factor' discussed in the literature is presented. The application of this operator to transform the time-dependent Schroedinger equation from an inertial to a noninertial frame is presented and shown to introduce new terms in the resulting equation. The implications of these new terms to scattering problems are discussed.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: Physical Review A - General Physics; vol. 15
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Ab initio calculations are presented of inelastic energy loss and ionization phenomena associated with Ar(+)-Ar collisions at small distances of closest approach and for laboratory collision energies ranging from several keV to several hundred keV. Outer-shell excitations are handled statistically; inner-shell excitations are calculated from the viewpoint of quasidiabatic molecular orbital promotion. Auger electron yield, average state of ionization, and average inelastic energy loss are calculated per collision as a function of distance of closest approach of the collision partners for several laboratory collision energies. Average charge-state probabilities per collision partner are calculated as a function of the average inelastic energy loss per atom. It is shown that the structure in the data is due to the underlying structure in the inner-shell independent-electron quasimolecular promotion probabilities.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: Physical Review A - General Physics; vol. 15
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 1445-1460 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A previously isolated cellodextrin glucohydrolase (β-glucosidase) from Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 is characterized using β-1,4-glucose oligomers with defined degrees of polymerization as soluble substrates. The enzyme splits off glucose units from the nonreducing chain ends of cellooligomers. Besides this hydrolytic activity there is also evidence for transfer activity depending on the concentration and degree of polymerization of substrates. Concentration-time-course data have been gathered for the degradation of cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, and cellohexaose covering a wide range of enzyme and substrate concentrations. A Michaelis-Menten type kinetic model has been developed, which is able to satisfactorily describe the complex system of parallel and series reactions during the conversion of oligomers to glucose. The only kind of inhibition considered is competitive inhibition by the final product glucose. The model takes into account the formation of multiple enzyme-substrate complexes and is limited to those conditions, in which no transglucosylation products are observed. Cellodextrins with higher degrees of polymerization are found to be better substrates for this enzyme than is the dimer cellobiose.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 571-585 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A β-glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.21) was isolated from the culture filtrate of fungus Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 grown in continuous culture with biomass retention. The crude extracellular enzyme preparation was fractionated by a three-step purification procedure [chromatography on Fractogel HW-55 (S) and Bio-Gel A 0.5 plus final preparative isoelectric focusing] to yield three β-glucosidases with isoelectric points at pH 8.4, 8.0, and 7.4. Only one enzyme (pi 8.4) met the stringent criterion of being homogeneous according to titration curve analysis. This enzyme was then characterized not to be a glycoprotein, although the native protein contained 35% carbohydrate (as glucose). It was found to have an apparent molar mass of 7 × 104 g/mol (SDS-PAGE), exhibited its optimum activity towards cellobiose at pH 4.5 and 70°C (30 min test), and lost less than 3% activity at 50°C over a period of 7 h. The KM values towards cellobiose and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside were determined to be 0.5mM and 0.3mM, respectively. The enzyme hydrolyzed cellodextrins (cellotriose to cellooctaose) by sequentially splitting off glucose units from the nonreducing end of the oligomers. The extent of the observed transfer reactions varied with the initial substrate concentration. No enzyme activity towards microcrystalline cellulose or carboxymethylcellulose could be detected. The classification of the enzyme as β-glucosidase or exo-β-1,4-glucan glucohydrolase is discussed with respect to the exhibited hydrolytic activities.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Beiträge zur Chemie der Alkylverbindungen von Übergangsmetallen. 56. 2-(Dimethylaminomethyl) ferrocenyl-Derivate des Titans und Zirconiums - Grenzen der ChelatbildungAls neue Titanocen- bzw. Zirconocenkomplexe wurden das paramagnetische (η5-C5H5)2Ti(FcN) III (FcN = 2-[Dimethylaminomethyl]ferrocenyl) und das diamagnetische (η5-C5H5)2Zr(1-Camph)(FcN) IV (1-Camph = 1-Camphenyl) synthetisiert und durch Massen-, 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektren sowie magnetische Messungen charakterisiert. Ferner wurden die Kristall- und Molekülstrukturen von (η5-C5H5)2M(FcN)2 (M = Ti I, Zr II) bestimmt. Eine M—C, N-Chelatbildung mit dem (Dimethylaminomethyl)ferrocenyl-Liganden wurde bei III (im Festkörper) und IV (in Lösung) gefunden, während diese bei I und II im kristallinen Zustand ausbleibt.
    Notes: The new paramagnetic (η5-C5H5)2Ti(FcN) III (FcN = 2-[dimethylaminomethyl]-ferrocenyl) and diamagnetic (η5-C5H5)2Zr(1-Camph)(FcN) IV (1-Camph = 1-Camphenyl) complexes were prepared and characterized by spectra and magnetic measurements. The crystal and solid phase molecular structures of (η5-C5H5)2M(FcN)2 (M = Ti I and Zr II) compounds were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. An M—C, N chelation of the (dimethylaminomethyl)ferrocenyl ligand was detected at compounds III (solid phase) and IV (solution), while such interaction fails at complexes I and II in crystalline phase.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 1170-1174 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Nickel and palladium boride colloids ; phosphine stabilization ; high resolution electron microscopy ; amorphous metal borides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ligandstabilisierte Nickel- und Palladiumborid-KolloideEs wird ein Weg zu den ersten ligand-stabilisierten Nickel- und Palladiumborid-Kolloiden mit Kerndurchmessern von 1,4 und 1,6 nm beschrieben. Die Teilchen bilden sich bei der Reaktion der Metallkomplexe Cl2M(PR3)2 (M = Ni, Pd; PR3 = PPr3, PBu3) mit B2H6 in Toluol bei Raumtemperatur in 40-70% Ausbeute. Die Charakterisierung der pyrophoren braunen Pulver erfolgte durch Elementaranalysen, die zu kleinsten Formeleinheiten führten, welche dann durch Molmassebestimmungen mittels analytischer Ultrazentrifuge zu gemittelten Molekülformeln erweitert werden konnten: [Ni6B10Cl1,5(PPr3)]12,5 (1), [Ni6B10Cl1,5(PBu3)]8,5 (2), [Pd4B6Cl(PPr3)]16,5 (3) und [Pd4B6Cl(PBu3)]16,5 (4). Aus den Massen der Kolloidkerne und ihren ungefähr berechneten Dichten konnte die Größe der Boridpartikel abgeschätzt werden. Die Durchmesser von 1,6 nm für 1, 3, und 4 sind innerhalb der Fehlergrenzen gleich. Nur 2 scheint einen geringfügig reduzierten Durchmesser von 1,4 nm zu besitzen. 1-4 können in inerten organischen Lösungsmitteln in beliebiger Konzentration dispergiert werden.Um diese relativ ungenauen Werte zu untermauern, wurde die hochauflösende Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie verwendet. Untersuchungen von 1 und 3 zeigen tatsächlich durchschnittliche Teilchengrößen von 1,6 ± 0,3 nm in Übereinstimmung mit den aus den Massebestimmungen erhaltenen Daten. Überraschenderweise scheinen die meisten der beobachteten Teilchen amorphe Struktur zu besitzen. Diese Beobachtung wird durch Röntgenbeugungsexperimente unterstützt, da keine signifikanten Reflexdaten erhalten werden konnten. 31P- und 11B-NMR-Messungen wurden ebenfalls vorgenommen, tragen jedoch zur weiteren Charakterisierung nicht bei.
    Notes: A route to the first ligand stabilized nickel and palladium boride colloids with core diameters of 1.4 and 1.6 nm is described. The particles are formed by reaction of the metal complexes Cl2M(PR3)2 (M = Ni, Pd, PR3 = PPr3, PBu3) with B2H6 in toluene at room temperature with 40-70% yield. The characterization of the pyrophoric brown powders occurred by elementary analyses, resulting in smallest formula units, which then could be extended to averaged molecular formulas by mass determinations, using an analytical ultracentrifuge: [Ni6B10Cl1.5(PPr3)]12.5 (1), [Ni6B10Cl1.5(PBu3)]8.5 (2), [Pd4B6Cl(PPr3)]16.5 (3), and [Pd4B6Cl(PBu3)]16.5 (4). From the masses of the colloid cores and their roughly calculated densities the size of the boride particles could be estimated. The diameters of 1.6 nm for 1, 3, and 4 are identical within the experimental error. Only 2 seems to have a slightly reduced diameter of 1.4 nm. 1-4 can be dispersed in inert organic solvents in any concentration.To confirm these relatively uncertain values high resolution transmission electron microscopy has been used. Investigations of 1 and 3 show indeed an averaged particle size of 1.6 ± 0.3 nm in agreement with the data derived from the mass determinations. Surprisingly most of the observed particles appear to have amorphous structure. This finding is supported by X-ray powder diffraction experiments, as no significant reflex data could be registered. 31P and 11B NMR measurements have been performed too, however, do not contribute to further characterization.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 345 (1966), S. 69-78 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A hypothesis is presented on the formation of stable covalent metal boron bonds in molecular compounds, and the synthesis of X2B—Mn(CO)4P(C6H5)3 and XB[Mn(CO)4P(C6H5)3]2 (X = C6H5, C4H9, Cl, NR2, OCH3) is described. These compounds are more stable than the corresponding Mn(CO)5-derivatives. This is attributed to differences in the electron density at the manganese atom. 11B - NMR studies are interpreted in terms of back-donation of metal d-electrons to the tervalent boron atom.
    Notes: Nach kurzer Erörterung einiger Leitgedanken, die dem Aufbau kovalenter Bor - Metall Bindungen in molekularen Verbindungen zugrunde liegen, wird die Synthese von X2B—Mn(CO)4P(C6H5)3 und XB[Mn(CO)4P(C6H5)3]2 (X = C6H5, C4H9, Cl, NR2, OCH3) beschrieben. Diese Verbindungen sind stabiler als die entsprechenden Mn(CO)5-Derivate, was wahrscheinlich auf Unterschieden in der Elektronendichte an den Manganatomen beruht. 11B-kernresonanzspektroskopische Untersuchungen weisen auf eine Beteiligung der Metall-d-Elektronen an der Mangan--Bor-Bindung hin.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 418 (1975), S. 243-246 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: P2J3 - a New Complex LigandP2J4 and Na2Cr(CO)5 react in benzene to the monomeric diamagnetic complex (CO)4CrP2J3. The 31P-nmr spectrum shows the presence of different bonded phosphorus atoms. The exchange of one iodine atom between the P atoms leads to a temperature dependent equilibrium with a symmetrical transition state. Triphenyl- and tricyclohexylphosphine react with (CO)4CrP2J3 to (CO)4CrPJ2 · P(C6H5)3 resp. (CO)4CrPJ2 · P(C6H11)3, probably of dimeric nature.
    Notes: P2J4 und Na2Cr(CO)5 reagieren in Benzol zu dem monomeren, diamagnetischen Komplex (CO)4CrP2J3. Das 31P-NMR-Spektrum zeigt die Anwesenheit unterschiedlich gebundener Phosphoratome. Der Austausch eines Jodatoms zwischen den P-Atomen führt zu einem temperaturabhängigen Gleichgewicht, in dem ein symmetrischer Übergangszustand auftritt. Triphenyl- und Tricyclohexylphosphin reagieren mit (CO)4CrP2J3 zu (CO)4 · P(C6H5)3 bzw. (CO)4 CrPJ2 · P(C6H11)3, wahrscheinlich dimerer Natur.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 432 (1977), S. 160-166 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Use of Elemental Phosphorus as Ligand in Iron CarbonylsWhite phosphorus and Fe2(CO)9 react in benzene at room temperature to the monomeric diamagnetic complex [(CO)4Fe]3P4. The Mössbauer spectrum proves the presence of penta- and hexacoordinated Fe atoms in the ratio 1:2. The i.r. spectrum also suggests different bonded Fe(CO)4 groups. As the 31P-n.m.r. spectrum shows, the 4 P atoms are equivalent. It is supposed that one Fe(CO)4 group fluctuates between the P atoms. At 70°C P4 and Fe2(CO)9 react to the polymeric diphosphorous complex [(CO)3FeP2]n. Its synthesis succeeds also with Fe(CO)5 and P4 under u.v. irradiation. Additionally [(CO)4Fe]3P4 can be decomposed to [(CO)3FeP2]n by warming or irradiation. The Mössbauer spectrum of this complex shows equivalent Fe atoms with the coordination number 6. Possible structures are discussed.
    Notes: Weißer Phosphor und Fe2(CO)9 reagieren in Benzol bei Raumtemperatur zu dem monomeren, diamagnetischen Komplex [(CO)4Fe]3P4. Das Mössbauerspektrum belegt die Anwesenheit fünffach und sechsfach koordinierter Fe-Atome im Verhältnis 1:2. Auch das IR-Spektrum legt unterschiedlich gebundene Fe(CO)4-Gruppen nahe. Wie das 31P-NMR-Spektrum zeigt, sind alle 4 P-Atome äquivalent. Es wird angenommen, daß eine Fe(CO)4-Gruppe zwischen den P-Atomen fluktuiert. Bei 70°C setzen sich P4 und Fe2(CO)9 zu dem polymeren Diphosphorkomplex [(CO)3FeP2]n um. Dessen Synthese gelingt auch aus Fe(CO)5 und P4 unter UV-Bestrahlung. Ebenso kann [(CO)4Fe]3P4 durch Erwärmen oder Belichten in [(CO)3FeP2]n zersetzt werden. Das Mössbauerspektrum dieses Komplexes zeigt äquivalente Fe-Atome mit der Koordinationszahl 6. Mögliche Strukturen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 415 (1975), S. 97-103 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Experiments on the Oxidative Addition of Thionylhalides to Transition Metal ComplexesThe complexes [(C6H5)3P]4Pd and [(C6H5)3P]2Ni(NO)Cl react with SOX2 to trans [(C6H5)3P]2PdX2 (X = Cl, Br) resp. to [(C6H5)3PX][NiX3] (X = Cl). Furthermore (C6H5)3PO and (C6H5)3PS are formed. In contrast SOCl2 is added oxidatively by [(C6H5)3P]2Ir(CO)Cl to the complex [(C6H5)3P]2Ir(CO)(Cl2)SOCl.
    Notes: Die Komplexe [(C6H5)3P]4Pd und [(C6H5)3P]2Ni(NO)Cl reagieren mit SOX2 zu trans-[(C6H5)3P]2PdX2 (X = Cl. Br) bzw. [(C6H5)3PX][NiX3] (X = Cl). Weiterhin bilden sich (C6H5)3PO und (C6H5)3PS. Im Gegensatz dazu wird SOCl2 durch [(C6H5)3P]2 Ir(CO)Cl oxydativ zu dem Komplex [(C6H5)3P]2 Ir(CO)(Cl2)SOCl addiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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