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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (7)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (7)
  • Elsevier
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 5 (1963), S. 331-345 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: These experiments show that ABS can be adsorbed and desorbed from microbial cell surfaces. The adsorption equilibria between the free and adsorbed phases are primarily influenced by the pH of the system. The effects of ABS upon the biochemical activities of bacteria depended upon the amount of ABS adsorbed and the type of bacteria present. The behaviour of ABS is essentially the same whether in the presence of pure or mixed bacterial cultures. Two desorption experiments with soil from a reclaimed water spreading basin which has received sewage over a six month period showed that at least 82% of the ABS “loss” was recoverable from the soil. In all the experiments carried out in this study no evidence was obtained for the biochemical degradation of ABS.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 83-96 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pyrite single-crystal cubes were cut, polished. and x-rayed to produce orientations of (100), (110), (111), and (112). These crystallographically developed surfaces then were prepared to expose an area of 1 cm2, and the remainder of the crystal was coated with an acid-resistant silicone cement. Crystals with representative orientations then were leached in ferric sulfate solutions adjusted to a pH of 2.3 with H2SO4 containing up to 6 × 103 ppm of Fe3+ at 30 and 55°C. Leaching was also conducted in acid-bacterial lixiviants containing Thiobacillus ferrooxidans at 30°C and a thermophilic microorganism at 55°C. Surface corrosion and pitting associated with pyrite leaching were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Pyrite leaching in ferric sulfate solutions was observed to be different when compared to acid-bacterial leaching. Ferric sulfate leaching required nearly 2 × 103 ppm of Fe3+ at 30°C while acid-bacterial leaching at 30°C occurred without additions of Fe3+, and values of Fe3+ never exceeded 102 ppm. Because of precipitate formation, an accurate assessment of the role of crystallographic orientation on the leaching of pyrite is difficult.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 367-372 
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Luciferin ; luciferase ; luciferin-O-phosphate ; bioluminescence ; firefly ; Photinus pyralis ; protein blotting ; nucleic acid hybridization ; reporter gene ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A relatively simple, very sensitive bioluminescence-enhanced detection system for protein blotting and nucleic acid hybridization is described. The method utilizes antibodies conjugated with alkaline phosphatase or nucleotide probes complexed with alkaline phosphatase. Then the alkaline phosphatase takes part in a reaction by releasing D-luciferin (Photinus pyralis) from D-luciferin-O-phosphate. Liberated D-luciferin reacts with luciferase, ATP and oxygen under light emission. Light is measured using the Argus-100 a photon counting camera system or photographic films. Bound alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibodies or hybridized nucleotide probes can be visualized. The limit of detection is at present 5 to 50 fg of protein (IgG), corresponding, for example to 30 to 300 × 10-21 mol. This means a much higher sensitivity of the detection system in comparison to systems used at present. Experiments concerning nucleic acid hybridization and visualization of the emitted light by a photon counting camera (Argus-100) are under investigation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Neutrophil function ; oxidative burst ; chemiluminescence ; diabetes mellitus ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this study neutrophil (PMN) phagocytic capacity was investigated using a conventional radiometric ingestion assay (IN) in comparison with PMN respiratory burst activity assessed by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (LCL) in response to phorbolesters and LCL induction during phagocytosis of opsonized Staphylococous aureus (STLCL) in diabetes mellitus and healthy controls. PMN ingestion was measured with 3H-thymidine-labelled S. aureus in a kinetic radiometric assay. LCL and STLCL were assessed in a parallel detecting microtitre-plate luminometer (MTP-Reader). PMN of diabetic subjects showed a highly significant reduction of peak LCL in response to PMA as well as during phagocytosis of S. aureus (STLCL) compared to non-diabetic controls (p〈0.001 respectively). PMN ingestion in diabetic patients (51.8±4.6%) was significantly reduced compared to controls (78.3±6.2%) (p〈0.01). The in vitro data displayed impaired PMN oxidative burst activity at glucose concentrations ≥ 13.8mmol/L, whereas PMN IN was significantly reduced at glucose levels ≥27.75mmol/L. The control group showed a positive correlation of peak LCL response and IN (p〈0.05) but not of STCL and IN; in diabetic patients this was also true, but did not reach statistical significance. The data obtained in this study clearly demonstrated impaired PMN respiratory burst activity and markedly reduced phagocytic PMN functions in diabetic patients ex vivo and in vitro as measured by LCL and by ingestion of 3H-thymidine-labelled S. aureus suggesting inhibitory effects of elevated glucose concentrations on various PMN-functions, which might be of clinical importance concerning altered host defence.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Double-stranded (ds) RNA normally exhibits a lower electrophoretic mobility than dsDNA having the same number of base pairs. This has been attributed to its net charge density that is lower than that of B-form DNA. But we show here that dsRNA runs faster than corresponding DNA in gels containing either ≥ 2.5% agarose or ≥ 8% acrylamide with high crosslinking (19:1 acryl-amide: N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide). However, the relative mobility of dsRNA as compared with DNA, extrapolated to 0% gel (0%T), remains constant (0.90 ± 0.03) in all systems, in support of the charge density hypothesis. In comparison to dsRNA standards, the potato spindle tuber viroid, a small ≍ 70% base-paired rod-like pathogenic RNA, is strongly retarded, presumably because of greater flexibility and/or stable curvature. Depending on the gel system, nonlinear extrapolation to 0% T leads to an apparent contour length of 140-230 bp, whereas 130 ± 20 bp can be determined from electron micrographs and 123-126 bp from secondary structure modeling. We attribute the variation of the electrophoretic behavior of both dsRNA and viroid RNA to interactions with the gel matrix. Nevertheless, extrapolation of the apparent contour length (in bp dsRNA) determined from low-crosslinked polyacryl-amide gels (2.6%C) is comparable to the determination by alternative methods.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: ATPase ; Bacteria ; Sequence data analysis ; Elongation factor Tu ; Phylogeny ; Tree reconstruction ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Comparative sequence analysis of small subunit rRNA is currently one of the most important methods for the elucidation of bacterial phylogeny as well as bacterial identification. Phylogenetic investigations targeting alternative phylogenetic markers such as large subunit rRNA, elongation factors, and ATPases have shown that 16S rRNA-based trees reflect the history of the corresponding organisms globally. However, in comparison with three to four billion years of evolution the phylogenetic information content of these markers is limited. Consequently, the limited resolution power of the marker molecules allows only a spot check of the evolutionary history of microorganisms. This is often indicated by locally different topologies of trees based on different markers, data sets or the application of different treeing approaches. Sequence peculiarities as well as methods and parameters for data analysis were studied with respect to their effects on the results of phylogenetic investigations. It is shown that only careful data analysis starting with a proper alignment, followed by the analysis of positional variability, rates and character of change, testing various data selections, applying alternative treeing methods and, finally, performing confidence tests, allows reasonable utilization of the limited phylogenetic information.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple, rapid sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method is presented for isolating the α, α' and β subunits of rabbit muscle phosphorylase kinase. The SDS-PAGE procedure can yield milligram amounts of α and β from a single preparative gel and also allows isolation of the α' isozyme free of α. Notably the method provides the purified subunits in a form amenable to structural analysis. Edman degradation of α and α' reveal identical NH2-terminal structures. Amino acid analysis of the electrophoretically purified α and β subunits are in good agreement with their deduced primary structures. The amino acid sequence of 488 residues in α and 713 residues in β were determined by gas phase Edman degradation. The data support the recently deduced primary structures of α (Zander et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1988, 85, 2929-2933) and of β (Kilimann et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1988, 85, 9381-9385).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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