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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography and gateway sensors for on-line state estimation of complex fermentations (butanol-acetone fermentation) (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 1246-1257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fermentation system has been designed to demonstrate the use of gas chromatography (GC) for on-line monitoring of the butanol-acetone and other complex saccharolytic fermentations. Tangential flow ultrafiltration was used to sterilely and continuously obtain a cell-free filtrate from the fermentation broth for on-line GC analysis of butanol, butyrate, acetate, acetone, ethanol, and acetoin. The liquid injection system consists of a phosphoric acid contactor, a slider-type injection valve, and a heater to address the difficulties (ghosting) encountered in the analysis of carboxylic acids. The fermentation headspace gas was also analyzed by on-line GC for nitrogen and carbon dioxide, while hydrogen was measured by difference. Raw chromatographic data were analyzed by a chromatography data system. Both raw and processed data were transmitted to a VAX 11/750 computer for further processing (using the fermentation equation) and archiving. The fermentation equation, which has recently been derived and tested on completed fermentation data, was also found to be valid during transient fermentations and thus useful as a gateway sensor for calculating various fermentation parameters on-line. Such parameters include glucose concentration and gas composition, as well as a number of unobservable parameters (such as YATP, excess ATP, and NAD reduced by FdH2), which characterize the state of the fermentation.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270821
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation by two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins for antibody production: Antibodies against proteins whose synthesis is reduced by auxin in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 9 (1988), S. 704-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using phenol extraction from tobacco callus, we have prepared extracts with a high protein content. These proteins were separated in cylindrical non-equilibrium pH gradient gels and visualized by dipping in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-containing solution. Three gel sections, each containing proteins previously detected as abundantly synthesized in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts and whose synthesis is reduced by auxin application, were excised from each gel and collected. These proteins were further separated on slab SDS gels and protein bands were excised after Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 staining and used to inject three rabbits. After one booster, highly specific antibodies were detected in their sera by ELISA and immunoblotting. Using these sera we have confirmed that the corresponding proteins are identical in callus and mesophyll protoplast and demonstrated that they are abundantly accumulated in tobacco roots but are undetectable in aerial organs and seeds.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150091105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fasting-induced dissociation of cationic and secretory events in pancreatic islets (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 4 (1986), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Fasting ; pancreatic islets ; insulin release ; 45Ca and 86Rb fluxes ; glucose ; 2-ketoisocaproate ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In pancreatic islets removed from 48 h-fasted rats, as distinct from fed animals, the release of insulin evoked by D-glucose is more severely impaired than that evoked by 2-ketoisocaproate. This decreased secretory response to D-glucose contrasts with an unimpaired cationic response to the sugar in terms of the glucose-induced decrease in both 86Rb and 45Ca outflow from pre-labelled islets. Likewise, fasting only causes a modest decrease of the secondary rise in 45Ca outflow evoked by D-glucose in islets perifused at normal Ca2+ concentration. The latter decrease appears more marked, however, if the cationic response to glucose is expressed relative to that evoked by 2-ketoisocaproate in islets removed from rats in the same nutritional state. It is concluded that, in the process of nutrient-stimulated insulin release, neither the decrease in K+ conductance (inhibition of 86Rb outflow) nor the sequestration of Ca2+ by intracellular organelles and/or direct inhibition of Ca2+ outward transport (decrease in 45Ca outflow) represent the sole determinant(s) of the subsequent gating of Ca2+ channels (secondary rise in 45Ca efflux).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290040208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equations and calculations of product yields and preferred pathways for butanediol and mixed-acid fermentations (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 50-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using the available information of fermentation biochemistry, fermentation (stoichiometric) equations are derived for anaerobic saccharolytic fermentations of butanediol and mixed acids. The equations describe the interrelations among the fermentation products, biomass, and consumed substrate (glucose). The validity of the equations is tested using a variety of batch data from the literature. The validity of the equations is expected to extend to steady-state and transient fermentations, as well. Uses, improvements, and extensions of the equations are also discussed in detail. Among others, it is shown that the equations are useful for checking the consistency of experimental data, for calculating maximal yields and selectivities for the fermentation products, and calculating the extent of utilization of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway versus the Hexose Monophosphate pathway of glucose utilization.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A process for protein enrichment of cassava by solid substrate fermentation in rural conditions (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 962-968 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An artisanal static process for protein enrichment of cassava by solid-state fermentation, developed in laboratory and tested on pilot units in Burundi (Central Africa), provides enriched cassava containing 10.7% of dry matter protein versus 1% before fermentation. Cassava chips, processed into granules of 2-4-mm diameter, are moistened (40% water content) and steamed. After cooling to 40°C, cassava is mixed with a nutritive solution containing the inoculum (Rhizopus oryzae, strain MUCL 28627) and providing the following per 100 g dry matter: 3.4 g urea, 1.5 g KH2PO4, 0.8 g MgSO4·7H2O, and 22.7 g citric acid. For the fermentation, cassava, with ca. 60% moisture content, is spread in a thin layer (2-3 cm thick) on perforated trays and slid into an aerated humidified enclosure. The incubation lasts ± 65 h. The production of protein enriched cassava is 3.26 kg dry matter/m2 tray. The effects of the variation of the nutritive solution composition and the inoculum conservation period on the protein production are equally discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290807
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation equations for propionic-acid bacteria and production of assorted oxychemicals from various sugars (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 67-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fermentation (stoichiometric) equations are derived for anaerobic fermentations of propionic-acid bacteria (of both the Propionibacterium and acrylate pathways) and for production of various oxychemicals (butanol, acetone, isopropanol, butanediol, butyrate, acetate, propionate, succinate, lactate, and acrylate) from pentoses, hexoses, and cellobiose. The derivations of the equations are based on the fermentation biochemistries of the various bacterial classes. The validity of the equations is tested using fermentation data from the literature. The equations are shown to be valuable, among other uses, for calculating maximal yields and selectivities of the various fermentation products, as “gateway sensors” for monitoring of the fermentations, and for calculating the extents of the various intracellular reactions of the fermentation biochemistry.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270109
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