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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of lectin activity on western blots using erythrocytes (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 15 (1994), S. 907-910 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for the direct detection of lectins, agglutinating erythrocytes, on nitrocellulose membranes after Western blotting, thus avoiding protein extraction from specific bands in the gel, followed by agglutination assays. The methodology essentially involves exposing the lectin band on a nitrocellulose strip to trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes (2%, in 0.15 M NaCl) for 30 min at 37°C and then carefully transferring the membrane to saline (4°C) for a few gentle washes and then fixing it in a solution (0.2% glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M NaCl) for 30 min. Later, the membrane is gently washed several times in 0.15 M NaCl containing 10 mM β-alanine. The lectin band is visualized as a red agglutinated patch. The method is specific for lectins that can agglutinate red blood cells and virtually has no cross reactivity with the various nonlectin proteins tested. Binding of erythrocytes to the lectin band on the nitrocellulose strip can be prevented by specific competing sugars. The method can be applied to screen for the presence of lectins in natural materials and to monitor lectin fractions during purification.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501501130
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utility of culture redox potential for identifying metabolic state changes in Amino acid fermentation (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1034-1040 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: amino acid fermentation ; culture redox potential ; fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We investigated the relationship of dissolved oxygen and culture redox potential (CRP) on amino acid production. Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 14296 was used for all experiments. The fermentation can be divided into a growth phase and a production phase. Our results indicate that in order to get higher amino acid production, a lower oxygen supply during the exponential phase is favored. A higher oxygen supply rate appears to be necessary during the production phase. Culture redox potential (CRP) was used to monitor the fermentation. CRP readings were observed to drop to a characteristic minimum value as the metabolic state changed from a growth to production phase. This was evidenced by the commencement of amino acid production and a simultaneous uptake of lactate. Upon lactate exhaustion, the CRP increased abruptly. At the same time, maximal amino acid yields were observed. By the use of minimum CRP as an indication of metabolic phase changes, the agitation rate was changed to increase oxygen supply during the production phase. This significantly increased amino acid production. These results show that culture redox potential measurements can be used to monitor and optimize amino acid production by process manipulation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380912
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent effects on biocatalysis in organic systems: Equilibrium position and rates of lipase catalyzed esterification (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1137-1143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: organic-phase biocatalysis ; equillibrium ; reaction rates ; log P ; solvent choice ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Porcine pancreatic lipase immobilized on celite particles has been employed as a catalyst for the esterification of dodecanol and decanoic acid in a predominantly organic system. Solvent influence on the equilibrium position and on the catalyst activity has been studied using 20 solvents, including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, ketones, nitro- and halogenated hydrocarbons, and esters. The equilibrium constant for esterification correlates well with the solubility of water in the organic solvent, which in turn shows a good relationship with a function of Guttman's donor number and the electron pair acceptance index number of the solvent. This may be rationalized in terms of the requirements for solvation of water and of the reactants. The catalyst activity, measured as the initial rate of the esterification reaction, is best correlated as a function of both n-octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) and either the electron pair acceptance index or the polarizability.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260381004
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption and precipitation of metals in activated sludge (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 874-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: sludge ; sorption ; precipitation ; metals ; adsorption ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A conceptual model describing the relative roles of sorption and precipitation processes for metals in solid-solution suspensions is presented. The model performance is demonstrated using experimental data on sorption and precipitation of metals in samples of activated sludge mixed liquor. Based on the experimental results presented here, it appears that, at total metal and mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations and pH values generally encountered in full-scale municipal (or combined municipal/industrial) activated sludge systems, metals are primarily removed by sorption processes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260430906
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of reducing agents in an aerobic amino acid fermentation (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 851-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: reducing agent ; dithiothreitol ; redox potential ; amino acid fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study focuses on the effects of the reducing agents, dithiothreitol (DTT) and glutathione (GSH), on amino acid production in aerobically growing Corynebacterium glutamicum. The problem of reducing agent addition affecting the dissolved oxygen level was solved by positioning the culture at a high dissolved oxygen level and feeding the reducing agent into the fermentor. We show that it is possible to lower the redox potential even in a highly aerobic environment. The addition of DTT to the fermentation during the growth phase caused a significant increase in specific amino acid production rate and total amino acids produced, as compared with a control. In contrast, GSH had an inhibitory effect. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400713
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase fluorometric sterilizable optical oxygen sensor (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 1139-1145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: fluorescence lifetime ; phase modulation fluorometry ; dissolved oxygen tension ; oxygen measurement ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We report here on a low-cost, optical oxygen sensor as an attractive alternative to the widely used amperometric Clark-type oxygen electrode for measuring dissolved oxygen tensions in cell cultures and bioreactor. Our sensor is based on the defferential quenching of the fluorescence lifetime of chromophore in response to the partial pressure of oxygen. This is measured as a phase shift in fluorescence emission from the chromophore due to oxygen quenching when excited by an intensity modulated beam of light. In this article we demonstrate the advantages of lifetime-based optical methods over both intensity based optical methods and amperometric electrodes. Our sensor is particularly suitable for measuring dissolved oxygen in bioreactors. It is autoclavable, is free of maintenance requirements, and solvents the problems of long-term stability, calibration drifts, and reliable measurement of low oxygen tensions in dense microbial cultures that limit the utility of Clark-type elcectordes. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260431119
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic and interfacial aspects of enzymatic polymer synthesis in reversed micellar systems (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 531-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: horseradish peroxidase ; reversed micelles ; phenolic polymers ; enzyme kinetics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The enzyme horseradish peroxidase, when encapsulated in reversed micelles, is capable of catalyzing the synthesis of phenolic and aromatic amine polymers. The synthesis of polyethylphenol is specifically considered in this article and is found to be extremely feasible in the micellar system. Polymer chain growth can be controlled to some degree by manipulating the ability of the solvent to sustain chain solubility; this is effectively done by adjusting the surfactant concentration. This results in a degree of control of polymer molecular weight. The synthesized polymer drops out of solution and can be easily recovered. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410505
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic monitoring by using the rate of change of NAD(P)H fluorescene (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 453-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: NAD(P)H fluorescene ; on-line monitoring ; amino acid fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The amino acid fermentation by Corynebacterium glutamicum was monitored with an new technique that uses the first derivative of the NAD(P)H fluorescene signal. The rate of change of NAD(P)H pools is indicative of intracellular redox balance variations that correspond to metabolic changes. The profile of this signal showed several characteristics that coincided with major metabolic events during fermentation. We show here that the derivative fluorescence signal can accurately estimate points of threonine depletion, viable cell count, and the end of amino acid formation. Furthermore, on-line optimization strategies can be developed by using the derivative fluorescene signal. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440408
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