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  • 1
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    Linkage of faulty major histocompatibility complex class I to autoimmune diabetes (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: Pancreatic islet cells are the targets of an autoimmune response in type I diabetes. In the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of autoimmune diabetes, expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins was inversely correlated with diabetes; in this mouse a mutation in the MHC class II-linked gene for the putative MHC class I peptide transporter was also present. Mice deficient in MHC class I expression because they do not produce beta 2-microglobulin also developed late onset autoimmune diabetes. In cells from humans with type I diabetes expression of MHC class I was decreased; subsets of prediabetics categorized as most likely to become hyperglycemic also had low MHC class I. T cell responses to self antigens are faulty in diabetics. In sets of genetically identical twins that are discordant for diabetes, the defect appeared to reside with the antigen presenting cell. Thus, a lack of surface MHC class I protein is associated with autoimmune diabetes; the concomitant defect in antigen presentation may impair the development of self tolerance, which could result in autoimmune disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faustman, D -- Li, X P -- Lin, H Y -- Fu, Y E -- Eisenbarth, G -- Avruch, J -- Guo, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1756-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1763324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/*genetics ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics/*immunology ; Diseases in Twins ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; Humans ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Prediabetic State/genetics/immunology ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Phase transitions in the assembly of multivalent signalling proteins (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-09
    Description: Cells are organized on length scales ranging from angstrom to micrometres. However, the mechanisms by which angstrom-scale molecular properties are translated to micrometre-scale macroscopic properties are not well understood. Here we show that interactions between diverse synthetic, multivalent macromolecules (including multi-domain proteins and RNA) produce sharp liquid-liquid-demixing phase separations, generating micrometre-sized liquid droplets in aqueous solution. This macroscopic transition corresponds to a molecular transition between small complexes and large, dynamic supramolecular polymers. The concentrations needed for phase transition are directly related to the valency of the interacting species. In the case of the actin-regulatory protein called neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) interacting with its established biological partners NCK and phosphorylated nephrin, the phase transition corresponds to a sharp increase in activity towards an actin nucleation factor, the Arp2/3 complex. The transition is governed by the degree of phosphorylation of nephrin, explaining how this property of the system can be controlled to regulatory effect by kinases. The widespread occurrence of multivalent systems suggests that phase transitions may be used to spatially organize and biochemically regulate information throughout biology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3343696/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3343696/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Pilong -- Banjade, Sudeep -- Cheng, Hui-Chun -- Kim, Soyeon -- Chen, Baoyu -- Guo, Liang -- Llaguno, Marc -- Hollingsworth, Javoris V -- King, David S -- Banani, Salman F -- Russo, Paul S -- Jiang, Qiu-Xing -- Nixon, B Tracy -- Rosen, Michael K -- P30 CA142543/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103622/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056322-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM088745/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM56322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR-08630/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Mar 7;483(7389):336-40. doi: 10.1038/nature10879.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8812, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22398450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Phase Transition ; Phosphorylation ; Proline-Rich Protein Domains ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal/chemistry/metabolism ; src Homology Domains
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Aberrant lipid metabolism disrupts calcium homeostasis causing liver endoplasmic reticulum stress in obesity (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-05-03
    Description: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main site of protein and lipid synthesis, membrane biogenesis, xenobiotic detoxification and cellular calcium storage, and perturbation of ER homeostasis leads to stress and the activation of the unfolded protein response. Chronic activation of ER stress has been shown to have an important role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes in obesity. However, the mechanisms that lead to chronic ER stress in a metabolic context in general, and in obesity in particular, are not understood. Here we comparatively examined the proteomic and lipidomic landscape of hepatic ER purified from lean and obese mice to explore the mechanisms of chronic ER stress in obesity. We found suppression of protein but stimulation of lipid synthesis in the obese ER without significant alterations in chaperone content. Alterations in ER fatty acid and lipid composition result in the inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity and ER stress. Correcting the obesity-induced alteration of ER phospholipid composition or hepatic Serca overexpression in vivo both reduced chronic ER stress and improved glucose homeostasis. Hence, we established that abnormal lipid and calcium metabolism are important contributors to hepatic ER stress in obesity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3102791/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3102791/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, Suneng -- Yang, Ling -- Li, Ping -- Hofmann, Oliver -- Dicker, Lee -- Hide, Winston -- Lin, Xihong -- Watkins, Steven M -- Ivanov, Alexander R -- Hotamisligil, Gokhan S -- 1RC4-DK090942/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK52539/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK052539/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK052539-09/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- RC4 DK090942/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- RC4 DK090942-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32ES007155/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 26;473(7348):528-31. doi: 10.1038/nature09968. Epub 2011 May 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21532591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism/pathology ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; *Homeostasis ; Leptin/deficiency ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Liver/enzymology/metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Obesity/enzymology/*metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism ; Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase/biosynthesis/genetics ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteomics ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/antagonists & ; inhibitors/metabolism ; *Stress, Physiological ; Thinness/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    BATF-JUN is critical for IRF4-mediated transcription in T cells (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-21
    Description: Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is an IRF family transcription factor with critical roles in lymphoid development and in regulating the immune response. IRF4 binds DNA weakly owing to a carboxy-terminal auto-inhibitory domain, but cooperative binding with factors such as PU.1 or SPIB in B cells increases binding affinity, allowing IRF4 to regulate genes containing ETS-IRF composite elements (EICEs; 5'-GGAAnnGAAA-3'). Here we show that in mouse CD4(+) T cells, where PU.1/SPIB expression is low, and in B cells, where PU.1 is well expressed, IRF4 unexpectedly can cooperate with activator protein-1 (AP1) complexes to bind to AP1-IRF4 composite (5'-TGAnTCA/GAAA-3') motifs that we denote as AP1-IRF composite elements (AICEs). Moreover, BATF-JUN family protein complexes cooperate with IRF4 in binding to AICEs in pre-activated CD4(+) T cells stimulated with IL-21 and in T(H)17 differentiated cells. Importantly, BATF binding was diminished in Irf4(-/-) T cells and IRF4 binding was diminished in Batf(-/-) T cells, consistent with functional cooperation between these factors. Moreover, we show that AP1 and IRF complexes cooperatively promote transcription of the Il10 gene, which is expressed in T(H)17 cells and potently regulated by IL-21. These findings reveal that IRF4 can signal via complexes containing ETS or AP1 motifs depending on the cellular context, thus indicating new approaches for modulating IRF4-dependent transcription.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3537508/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3537508/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Peng -- Spolski, Rosanne -- Liao, Wei -- Wang, Lu -- Murphy, Theresa L -- Murphy, Kenneth M -- Leonard, Warren J -- ZIA HL005402-20/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HL005402-21/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HL005408-05/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Oct 25;490(7421):543-6. doi: 10.1038/nature11530. Epub 2012 Sep 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1674, USA. lip3@nhlbi.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22992523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Interleukin-10/genetics ; Interleukins/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleotide Motifs ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Th17 Cells/cytology/immunology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Compensatory dendritic cell development mediated by BATF-IRF interactions (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-21
    Description: The AP1 transcription factor Batf3 is required for homeostatic development of CD8alpha(+) classical dendritic cells that prime CD8 T-cell responses against intracellular pathogens. Here we identify an alternative, Batf3-independent pathway in mice for CD8alpha(+) dendritic cell development operating during infection with intracellular pathogens and mediated by the cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon-gamma. This alternative pathway results from molecular compensation for Batf3 provided by the related AP1 factors Batf, which also functions in T and B cells, and Batf2 induced by cytokines in response to infection. Reciprocally, physiological compensation between Batf and Batf3 also occurs in T cells for expression of IL-10 and CTLA4. Compensation among BATF factors is based on the shared capacity of their leucine zipper domains to interact with non-AP1 factors such as IRF4 and IRF8 to mediate cooperative gene activation. Conceivably, manipulating this alternative pathway of dendritic cell development could be of value in augmenting immune responses to vaccines.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3482832/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3482832/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tussiwand, Roxane -- Lee, Wan-Ling -- Murphy, Theresa L -- Mashayekhi, Mona -- KC, Wumesh -- Albring, Jorn C -- Satpathy, Ansuman T -- Rotondo, Jeffrey A -- Edelson, Brian T -- Kretzer, Nicole M -- Wu, Xiaodi -- Weiss, Leslie A -- Glasmacher, Elke -- Li, Peng -- Liao, Wei -- Behnke, Michael -- Lam, Samuel S K -- Aurthur, Cora T -- Leonard, Warren J -- Singh, Harinder -- Stallings, Christina L -- Sibley, L David -- Schreiber, Robert D -- Murphy, Kenneth M -- AI076427-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA91842/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI036629/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076427/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA043059/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007163/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Oct 25;490(7421):502-7. doi: 10.1038/nature11531. Epub 2012 Sep 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22992524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, CD8/immunology/metabolism ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription ; Factors/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Lineage ; Dendritic Cells/*cytology/immunology/*metabolism ; Female ; Fibrosarcoma/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Integrin alpha Chains/metabolism ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Interleukin-10/metabolism ; Interleukin-12/immunology/metabolism ; Leucine Zippers ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Oncogene Protein p65(gag-jun)/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repressor Proteins/deficiency/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology/immunology/metabolism ; Toxoplasma/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    A PPARgamma-FGF1 axis is required for adaptive adipose remodelling and metabolic homeostasis (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-24
    Description: Although feast and famine cycles illustrate that remodelling of adipose tissue in response to fluctuations in nutrient availability is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we identify fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) as a critical transducer in this process in mice, and link its regulation to the nuclear receptor PPARgamma (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma), which is the adipocyte master regulator and the target of the thiazolidinedione class of insulin sensitizing drugs. FGF1 is the prototype of the 22-member FGF family of proteins and has been implicated in a range of physiological processes, including development, wound healing and cardiovascular changes. Surprisingly, FGF1 knockout mice display no significant phenotype under standard laboratory conditions. We show that FGF1 is highly induced in adipose tissue in response to a high-fat diet and that mice lacking FGF1 develop an aggressive diabetic phenotype coupled to aberrant adipose expansion when challenged with a high-fat diet. Further analysis of adipose depots in FGF1-deficient mice revealed multiple histopathologies in the vasculature network, an accentuated inflammatory response, aberrant adipocyte size distribution and ectopic expression of pancreatic lipases. On withdrawal of the high-fat diet, this inflamed adipose tissue fails to properly resolve, resulting in extensive fat necrosis. In terms of mechanisms, we show that adipose induction of FGF1 in the fed state is regulated by PPARgamma acting through an evolutionarily conserved promoter proximal PPAR response element within the FGF1 gene. The discovery of a phenotype for the FGF1 knockout mouse establishes the PPARgamma-FGF1 axis as critical for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitization.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3358516/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3358516/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonker, Johan W -- Suh, Jae Myoung -- Atkins, Annette R -- Ahmadian, Maryam -- Li, Pingping -- Whyte, Jamie -- He, Mingxiao -- Juguilon, Henry -- Yin, Yun-Qiang -- Phillips, Colin T -- Yu, Ruth T -- Olefsky, Jerrold M -- Henry, Robert R -- Downes, Michael -- Evans, Ronald M -- DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK062434/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK063491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK090962/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL105278/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK033651/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL105278/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL105278-21/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R24 DK090962/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R24 DK090962-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK033651/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK057978-34/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 DK062434/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 DK062434-10/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 May 17;485(7398):391-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10998.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22522926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Size/drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced/genetics/pathology ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/deficiency/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Homeostasis/drug effects ; Humans ; Inflammation/genetics ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Intra-Abdominal Fat/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Necrosis/enzymology ; PPAR gamma/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Response Elements/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Inhibition of ICE family proteases by baculovirus antiapoptotic protein p35 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-09-29
    Description: The baculovirus antiapoptotic protein p35 inhibited the proteolytic activity of human interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) and three of its homologs in enzymatic assays. Coexpression of p35 prevented the autoproteolytic activation of ICE from its precursor form and blocked ICE-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of enzymatic activity correlated with the cleavage of p35 and the formation of a stable ICE-p35 complex. The ability of p35 to block apoptosis in different pathways and in distantly related organisms suggests a central and conserved role for ICE-like proteases in the induction of apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bump, N J -- Hackett, M -- Hugunin, M -- Seshagiri, S -- Brady, K -- Chen, P -- Ferenz, C -- Franklin, S -- Ghayur, T -- Li, P -- AI 38262/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1885-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BASF Bioresearch Corporation, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Binding Sites ; Binding, Competitive ; Caspase 1 ; Cell Line ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Transfection ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Reprogramming of T cells to natural killer-like cells upon Bcl11b deletion (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-12
    Description: T cells develop in the thymus and are critical for adaptive immunity. Natural killer (NK) lymphocytes constitute an essential component of the innate immune system in tumor surveillance, reproduction, and defense against microbes and viruses. Here, we show that the transcription factor Bcl11b was expressed in all T cell compartments and was indispensable for T lineage development. When Bcl11b was deleted, T cells from all developmental stages acquired NK cell properties and concomitantly lost or decreased T cell-associated gene expression. These induced T-to-natural killer (ITNK) cells, which were morphologically and genetically similar to conventional NK cells, killed tumor cells in vitro, and effectively prevented tumor metastasis in vivo. Therefore, ITNKs may represent a new cell source for cell-based therapies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3628452/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3628452/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Peng -- Burke, Shannon -- Wang, Juexuan -- Chen, Xiongfeng -- Ortiz, Mariaestela -- Lee, Song-Choon -- Lu, Dong -- Campos, Lia -- Goulding, David -- Ng, Bee Ling -- Dougan, Gordon -- Huntly, Brian -- Gottgens, Bertie -- Jenkins, Nancy A -- Copeland, Neal G -- Colucci, Francesco -- Liu, Pentao -- 076962/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077186/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0501150/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0800784/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G116/187/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):85-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1188063. Epub 2010 Jun 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20538915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta ; Killer Cells, Natural/cytology/immunology/*physiology ; *Lymphopoiesis/genetics ; Melanoma, Experimental/immunology/therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/cytology/physiology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stromal Cells/cytology/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/*physiology/transplantation ; Tamoxifen/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    The peptidergic control circuit for sighing (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-09
    Description: Sighs are long, deep breaths expressing sadness, relief or exhaustion. Sighs also occur spontaneously every few minutes to reinflate alveoli, and sighing increases under hypoxia, stress, and certain psychiatric conditions. Here we use molecular, genetic, and pharmacologic approaches to identify a peptidergic sigh control circuit in murine brain. Small neural subpopulations in a key breathing control centre, the retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group (RTN/pFRG), express bombesin-like neuropeptide genes neuromedin B (Nmb) or gastrin-releasing peptide (Grp). These project to the preBotzinger Complex (preBotC), the respiratory rhythm generator, which expresses NMB and GRP receptors in overlapping subsets of ~200 neurons. Introducing either neuropeptide into preBotC or onto preBotC slices, induced sighing or in vitro sigh activity, whereas elimination or inhibition of either receptor reduced basal sighing, and inhibition of both abolished it. Ablating receptor-expressing neurons eliminated basal and hypoxia-induced sighing, but left breathing otherwise intact initially. We propose that these overlapping peptidergic pathways comprise the core of a sigh control circuit that integrates physiological and perhaps emotional input to transform normal breaths into sighs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Peng -- Janczewski, Wiktor A -- Yackle, Kevin -- Kam, Kaiwen -- Pagliardini, Silvia -- Krasnow, Mark A -- Feldman, Jack L -- HL40959/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL70029/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS72211/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL040959/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL070029/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS072211/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 18;530(7590):293-7. doi: 10.1038/nature16964. Epub 2016 Feb 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26855425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bombesin/pharmacology ; Emotions/physiology ; Female ; Gastrin-Releasing Peptide/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurokinin B/*analogs & derivatives/deficiency/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Bombesin/*metabolism ; *Respiration/drug effects ; Respiratory Center/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction/drug effects/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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