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  • 1
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    Persistent site-specific remodeling of a nucleosome array by transient action of the SWI/SNF complex (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-07-26
    Description: The SWI/SNF complex participates in the restructuring of chromatin for transcription. The function of the yeast SWI/SNF complex in the remodeling of a nucleosome array has now been analyzed in vitro. Binding of the purified SWI/SNF complex to a nucleosome array disrupted multiple nucleosomes in an adenosine triphosphate-dependent reaction. However, removal of SWI/SNF left a deoxyribonuclease I-hypersensitive site specifically at a nucleosome that was bound by derivatives of the transcription factor Gal4p. Analysis of individual nucleosomes revealed that the SWI/SNF complex catalyzed eviction of histones from the Gal4-bound nucleosomes. Thus, the transient action of the SWI/SNF complex facilitated irreversible disruption of transcription factor-bound nucleosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Owen-Hughes, T -- Utley, R T -- Cote, J -- Peterson, C L -- Workman, J L -- GM47867/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049650/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049650/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 26;273(5274):513-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-4500, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA, Fungal/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Cdc13p: a single-strand telomeric DNA-binding protein with a dual role in yeast telomere maintenance (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-11
    Description: The CDC13 gene has previously been implicated in the maintenance of telomere integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. With the use of two classes of mutations, here it is shown that CDC13 has two discrete roles at the telomere. The cdc13-2est mutation perturbs a function required in vivo for telomerase regulation but not in vitro for enzyme activity, whereas cdc13-1ts defines a separate essential role at the telomere. In vitro, purified Cdc13p binds to single-strand yeast telomeric DNA. Therefore, Cdc13p is a telomere-binding protein required to protect the telomere and mediate access of telomerase to the chromosomal terminus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nugent, C I -- Hughes, T R -- Lue, N F -- Lundblad, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 11;274(5285):249-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8824190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclin B ; Cyclins/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Fungal/metabolism ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; Genes, Fungal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Telomerase/genetics/*metabolism ; Telomere/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    GTBP, a 160-kilodalton protein essential for mismatch-binding activity in human cells (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-30
    Description: DNA mismatch recognition and binding in human cells has been thought to be mediated by the hMSH2 protein. Here it is shown that the mismatch-binding factor consists of two distinct proteins, the 100-kilodalton hMSH2 and a 160-kilodalton polypeptide, GTBP (for G/T binding protein). Sequence analysis identified GTBP as a new member of the MutS homolog family. Both proteins are required for mismatch-specific binding, a result consistent with the finding that tumor-derived cell lines devoid of either protein are also devoid of mismatch-binding activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palombo, F -- Gallinari, P -- Iaccarino, I -- Lettieri, T -- Hughes, M -- D'Arrigo, A -- Truong, O -- Hsuan, J J -- Jiricny, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 30;268(5219):1912-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti, Pomezia, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; *DNA Repair/genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes/*metabolism ; Sequence Analysis ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Influence of Shock-Induced Ionospheric Conductivity Enhancements on Storm Main Phase Intensities (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) '99; Birmingham; United Kingdom
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  • 5
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    Interball substorm observations: Christmas for space scientists (1996)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observational results from the Interball Tail Probe spacecraft are presented. One of the main objectives of the Interball project is to study the dynamic processes in the magnetosphere. Three events observed by the spacecraft's instruments are investigated: a pseudobreakup during which earthward streaming ions were observed in the vicinity of a thin current sheet; a substorm in which the magnetic signatures in the lobe and on the ground were preceeded by northward re-orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field Bz component; and a magnetic storm at the beginning of which extreme deformation of the magnetotail was observed.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: ; 497-506
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  • 6
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    A Statistical Study of the Global Structure of the Ring Current (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: In this paper we derive the average configuration of the ring current as a function of the state of the magnetosphere as indicated by the Dst index. We sort magnetic field data from the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) by spatial location and by the Dst index in order to produce magnetic field maps. From these maps we calculate local current systems by taking the curl of the magnetic field. NN7e find both the westward (outer) and the eastward (inner) components of the ring current. We find that the ring current intensity varies linearly with D.St as expected, and that the ring current is asymmetric for all Dst values. The azimuthal peak of the ring current is located in the afternoon sector for quiet conditions, and near midnight for disturbed conditions. The ring current also moves closer to the Earth during disturbed conditions. We are able to recreate the Dst index by integrating the magnetic perturbations caused by the ring current. We find that we needed to apply a 20 nT offset to Dst, and assume a perfectly conducting Earth to obtain an optimal agreement between the computed and the observed Dst. We interpret the 20 nT offset as the magnetic field generated by the quiet time ring current used as baseline in computing Dst.
    Keywords: Geophysics
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  • 7
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    Towards Inner Magnetosphere Particle and Field Models (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: We report on the initial stages of an effort to construct comprehensive empirical models of the plasma and fields in the inner magnetosphere. The models are based not only on archival data (e.g., SCATHA) but also on current spacecraft mission data (e.g., POLAR). In this component of the effort, we incorporate the recently archived data provided by the SCATRA (Spacecraft Charging AT High Altitude) satellite. The SCAT14A satellite was in a near-geostationary orbit and was in operation for more than a decade. In this paper, we focus on the SCATRA plasma and magnetic field data from approximately the first two years of operation. The time-series data are binned according to spatial location and geomagnetic activity. Examples of statistical, empirical models from this initial effort are presented; even the simply-constructed preliminary models reveal such subtle features as the previously reported warm (greater than 100 eV) plasma density enhancement near the magnetic equator.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 20; 3; 427-430
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  • 8
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    Magnetospheric Substorms and Tail Dynamics (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: This grant funded several studies of magnetospheric substorms and their effect on the dynamics of the earth's geomagnetic tail. We completed an extensive study of plasmoids, plasma/magnetic field structures that travel rapidly down the tail, using data from the ISEE 3 and IMP 8 spacecraft. This study formed the PhD thesis of Mark Moldwin. We found that magnetically plasmoids are better described as flux-ropes (twisted magnetic flux tubes) rather than plasma bubbles, as had been generally regarded up to that point (Moldwin and Hughes, 1990; 1991). We published several examples of plasmoids observed first in the near tail by IMP 8 and later in the distant tail by ISEE 3, confirming their velocities down tail. We showed how the passage of plasmoids distorts the plasma sheet. We completed the first extensive statistical survey of plasmoids that showed how plasmoids evolve as they move down tail from their formation around 30 RE to ISEE 3 apogee at 240 RE. We established a one-to-one correspondence between the observation of plasmoids in the distant tail and substorm onsets at earth or in the near tail. And we showed that there is a class of plasmoid-like structures that move slowly earthward, especially following weak substorms during northward IMF. Collectively this work constituted the most extensive study of plasmoids prior to the work that has now been done with the GEOTAIL spacecraft. Following our work on plasmoids, we turned our attention to signatures of substorm onset observed in the inner magnetosphere near geosynchronous orbit, especially signatures observed by the CRRES satellite. Using data from the magnetometer, electric field probe, plasma wave instrument, and low energy plasma instrument on CRRES we were able to better document substorm onsets in the inner magnetosphere than had been possible previously. Detailed calculation of the Poynting flux showed energy exchange between the magnetosphere and ionosphere, and a short burst of tailward convective flow just prior to onset, suggesting the active role of the ionosphere in the onset process, and adding credibility to the ballooning instability theory of substorm onset. This grant also supported a number of other substorm studies and reviews. These are represented by the list of publications and meeting presentations resulting out of this grant.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: NASA/CR-1998-208223 , NAS 1.26:208223
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