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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic studies of powdery mildew resistance in common oat (avena sativa L.) I. Cultivars and breeding lines grown in Western Europe and North America (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 96 (1997), S. 421-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; powdery mildew ; resistance ; oat cultivars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Common oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars and breeding lines grown in Western Europe and North America were tested against twelve Erysiphe graminis f. sp. avenae mildew isolates collected in Germany and Denmark. These isolates were selected for their ability to produce differential response patterns permitting characterization of five oat mildew resistance (OMR) groups. From a total of 259 cultivars and lines tested 173 accessions showed susceptible responses, 48 accessions were characterized by susceptible or intermediate responses and 38 accessions revealed isolate-specific resistance response patterns. Eight cultivars and lines had resistance patterns of OMR group 1, six cultivars of OMR group 2, and eleven cultivars of OMR group 3. Two cultivars, each possessed resistance patterns corresponding to OMR groups 1 + 3 and 2 + 3 in combination, respectively. Three cultivars exhibited the response pattern of OMR group 3 in association with an additional unknown resistance. Eight cultivars and lines showed a resistance response pattern not yet detected in the documented OMR groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003057505151
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Produkte der Reaktion von Methylbromid und Ethylbromid mit Kaliumhydroxid in wäßrig-methanolischen Lösungen und den Verlauf dieser SN2-ReaktionHerrn Prof. Dr. Manfred Weidenbruch zur Vollendung des 60. Lebensjahres gewidmet (1998)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 340 (1998), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Concerning the Products of the Reaction of Methyl Bromide and Ethyl Bromide with Potassium Hydroxide in Aqueous Methanolic Solutions and the Progress of this SN2-ReactionInvestigations of the reaction of methyl bromide and ethyl bromide with potassium hydroxide in methanolic and aqueous methanolic solutions show that the main products of these reactions are dimethyl ether and ethylmethyl ether. The reaction rates measured in methanolic or aqueous methanolic solutions are the same whether potassium hydroxide or potassium methoxide are used. These results are caused by an equilibrium between hydroxide and methoxide ions with which we could establish the equilibrium constant near 0.6. This means that a solution of sodium hydroxide c = 0.1 moll-1 in methanol contains roughly 99.8% of methoxide ions. The reaction rates in methanolic as well as in aqueous methanolic solutions are strict second order. The reaction rate measured at several temperatures permitted the calculation of EA≠, ΔH≠, ΔS≠ and ΔG≠. Furthermore the kinetic investigations show that the nucleophilicity of methoxide ions is lower compared to hydroxide ions. The calculation of the Swain-Scott-parameter n results in a nucleophilicity scale in order to methoxide, hydroxide, ethoxide ions. The kinetic investigations of the reaction of ethyl bromide with methoxide and hydroxide ions in methanolic solutions demonstrate that at high temperatures the rate constant of methoxide ions is higher than that of hydroxide ions. The opposite case can be observed at lower temperatures. At the temperature of 20 °C the rate constants of both reactions are equal. This is to do with the isokinetic effect which one is rarely able to observe at room temperatures.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19983400111
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