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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: It is proposed to use data from the burst and transient source experiment (BATSE) onboard the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) as a sensitive, rapid, all sky monitor for the International Gamma Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL). The all sky earth occultation monitoring and imaging capabilities of BATSE will complement and extend the Galactic plane scans of INTEGRAL as well as provide high latitude Galactic coverage which is inaccessible to INTEGRAL. Examples of transients previously observed by BATSE, its sensitivity, and the response time for these observations are described. Examples of the variability of several of the brighter sources observed by BATSE are shown.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Proceedings of 2nd INTEGRAL Workshop 'The Transparent Universe'; 537-540; ESA-SP-382
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: With the realization of NASA's era of great observatories, there are now more than three space-based telescopes operating in different wavebands. This situation provides astronomers with a unique opportunity to simultaneously observe with multiple observatories. Yet scheduling multiple observatories simultaneously is highly inefficient when compared to observations using only one single observatory. Thus, programs using multiple observatories are limited not due to scientific restrictions, but due to operational inefficiencies. At present, multi-observatory programs are conducted by submitting observing proposals separately to each concerned observatory. To assure that the proposed observations can be scheduled, each observatory's staff has to check that the observations are valid and meet all the constraints for their own observatory; in addition, they have to verify that the observations satisfy the constraints of the other observatories. Thus, coordinated observations require painstaking manual collaboration among the observatory staff at each observatory. Due to the lack of automated tools for coordinated observations, this process is time consuming, error-prone, and the outcome of the requests is not certain until the very end. To increase observatory operations efficiency, such manpower intensive processes need to undergo re-engineering. To overcome this critical deficiency, Goddard Space Flight Center's Advanced Architectures and Automation Branch is developing a prototype effort called the Visual Observation Layout Tool (VOLT). The main objective of the VOLT project is to provide visual tools to help automate the planning of coordinated observations by multiple astronomical observatories, as well as to increase the scheduling probability of all observations.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: ADASS Conference; Boston, MA; United States
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The detection of x-ray and radio emission from the recently discovered transient source X-ray Nova Scorpii 1994 (GRO J1655 - 40), is reported.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: NASA-TM-111279 , NAS 1.15:111279
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-06-12
    Description: The Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE), aboard the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), provided a record of the low-energy gamma-ray sky (approx. 20-1000 keV) between 1991 April and 2000 May (9.1 yr). BATSE monitored the high-energy sky using the Earth occultation technique (EOT) for point sources whose emission extended for times on the order of the CGRO orbital period (approx. 92 min) or greater. Using the EOT to extract flux information, a catalog of sources using data from the BATSE Large Area Detectors has been prepared. The first part of the catalog consists of results from the all-sky monitoring of 58 sources, mostly Galactic, with intrinsic variability on timescales of hours to years. For these sources, we have included tables of flux and spectral data, and outburst times for transients. Light curves (or flux histories) have been placed on the World Wide Web. We then performed a deep sampling of these 58 objects, plus a selection of 121 more objects, combining data from the entire 9.1 yr BATSE data set. Source types considered were primarily accreting binaries, but a small number of representative active galaxies, X-ray-emitting stars, and supernova remnants were also included. The sample represents a compilation of sources monitored and/or discovered with BATSE and other high-energy instruments between 1991 and 2000, known sources taken from the HEAO 1 A-4 and Macomb & Gehrels catalogs. The deep sample results include definite detections of 83 objects and possible detections of 36 additional objects. The definite detections spanned three classes of sources: accreting black hole and neutron star binaries, active galaxies, and Supernova remnants. The average fluxes measured for the fourth class, the X-ray emitting stars, were below the confidence limit for definite detection.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series; Volume 154; 585-622
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  • 5
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Studies have begun on the EXIST (Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope) Mission as a Black Hole Survey 'Einstein Probe', a major element in the new NASA Beyond Einstein Program in the Office of Space Science. This program was approved by the US Congress, in February 2003 as part of the NASA FY2004 NASA budget. EXIST is planned as a very wide-field coded aperture telescope and a positional accuracy for GRBs better than one arc-minute. The baseline detectors are Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT), with a total sensitive area of approximately 8 m2. EXIST will use SWIFT as a pathfinder mission; the findings of SWIFT will refine the scientific objectives of EXIST and will help to determine many of its design parameters. EXIST will study early star and galaxy formation at high redshifts through observations of thousands of GRBs, their afterglows and host galaxies. It is intended that the international GRB community will play a large role in EXIST through direct participation as well as with complementary observational programs, both space-based and ground-based. Some preliminary design features and capabilities of the EXIST Mission will be presented.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: EXIST Science Working Group Meeting; Mar 23, 2003 - Mar 26, 2003; Mt. Tremblant, Quebec; Canada
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Studies have begun on the EXIST (Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope) Mission. It is planned as a very wide-field, sensitive coded aperture telescope with a sensitive area of the order of 6-8 m^2 and having a positional accuracy for GRBs (Gamma ray bursts) better than one arc-minute. EXIST will use SWIFT as a pathfinder mission; the findings of SWIFT will refine the scientific objectives of EXIST and will help to determine many of its design parameters. It would study early star formation and early galaxy formation at very high redshifts through observations of thousands of GRBs, their afterglows and environments. It is intended that the international GRB community will play as large role in EXIST through direct participation as well as with complementary observational programs, both space-based and ground-based. Some preliminary design features and capabilities of the EXIST Mission will be presented.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Rome Gamma-Ray Burst Conference; Sep 17, 2002 - Sep 22, 2002; Rome; Italy
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  • 7
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The observed gamma-ray temporal, spectral, and duration distribution characteristics of GRBs (Gamma Ray Bursts) from data obtained from the BATSE/Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory will be described. The talk will concentrate on studies of burst properties, correlations of GRB parameters and other statistical properties from the unprecedented sample of over 2700 GRBs.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: COSPAR and World Space Congress; Oct 10, 2002 - Oct 19, 2002; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The TGF detection rate of Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) has been increased twice since launch. The most recent improvement is from a new operating mode in which data for individual photons are down-linked for selected portions of the orbit, enabling a more sensitive ground-based search for TGFs. The new search has increased the TGF detection rate and is finding TGFs more than five times fainter than the TGFs of the previous GBM sample. We summarize the properties of the original GBM TGF sample and compare to the less intense TGFs now being detected. In addition to gamma-ray TGFs, GBM is observing distant TGFs from the propagation of charged particles along geomagnetic field lines. Strong 511 keV annihilation lines have been observed, demonstrating that both electrons and positrons are present in the particle beams. Spectral fits to these electron/positron TGFs will be shown.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: M11-0072 , 2010 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting; Dec 13, 2010 - Dec 17, 2010; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) has been detecting TGFs with increasing sensitivity over the past two years, owing to changes in flight software that have lowered its threshold for triggering and, recently, allowed a search for TGFs weaker than those which would cause an onboard trigger. Associations between TGFs detected in the first 18 months of operation and sferics detected using the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) show that TGF peaks and lightning discharges are simultaneous to within tens of microseconds, and that GBM triggered on TGFs that occurred up to a distance of 300 km from the sub-spacecraft position. In the work presented here, we look for associations between TGFs detected by the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) and WWLLN sferics over the same 18 months, and we compare the match rate and detection horizon of the two instruments. We also look for associations between WWLLN sferics and more recent GBM TGFs, both triggered events and weaker TGFs uncovered in our untriggered search. We discuss whether in this new mode, GBM is detecting TGFs that are more distant from the sub-spacecraft point than 300 km, or whether the weaker TGFs are instead indicative of a luminosity distribution, either because the weaker ones originate deeper in the atmosphere or because they are intrinsically dimmer.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: M11-0038 , 2010 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting; Dec 13, 2010 - Dec 17, 2010; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Observatory (Fermi) is detecting about two TGFs per week. This rate has increased by a factor of approx.eight since launch when flight software was uploaded to the spacecraft in November 2009 in order to increase the sensitivity of GBM to TGFs. Weaker, un-triggered TGFs are now also being observed about once per day over selected low-latitude regions Americas. The high efficiency and time resolution (2 s) of GBM allows temporal features to be resolved so that some insight may be gained on the origin and transport of the gamma-ray photons through the atmosphere. TGFs are observed to be shorter than previously thought, with an average duration of approx.100 micro-s. The absolute times of TGFs are known to approx.10 micro-s, allowing accurate correlations of TGFs with lightning networks and other lightning-related phenomena. The events are observed in the thick bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillation detectors of GBM with photon energies above 40 MeV. Other new results on the temporal and spectral characteristics of TGFs will be presented, along with properties of several electron-positron TGF events that have been identified.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: M10-1059 , E-CANE-ASIM Workshop on TLE''s and TGF''s; Oct 25, 2010 - Oct 27, 2010; Amsterdam; Netherlands
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