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  • 1
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    Thermal history and evolution of the moon. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: In this work, theoretical lunar temperature models are computed taking into account different initial conditions to represent possible accretion models and various abundances of heat sources to correspond to different compositions. Differentiation and convection are simulated in the numerical computational scheme. Models of the thermal evolution of the moon that fit the chronology of igneous activity on the lunar surface, the stress history of the lunar lithosphere implied by the presence of mascons, and the surface concentrations of radioactive elements, involve extensive differentiation early in lunar history. This differentiation may be the result of rapid accretion and large-scale melting or of primary chemical layering during accretion. Differences in present-day temperatures for these two possibilities are significant only in the inner 1000 km of the moon and are not resolvable with presently available data.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE SCIENCES
    Materialart: The Moon; 7; May-June
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  • 2
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    Thermal evolution of the moon. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: The thermal history and current state of the lunar interior are investigated using constraints imposed by recent geological and physical data. Theoretical temperature models are computed taking into account different initial conditions, heat sources, differentiation and simulated convection. To account for the early formation of the lunar highlands, the time duration of magmatism and present-day temperatures estimated from lunar electrical conductivity profiles, it is necessary to restrict initial temperatures and abundances of radioactive elements. Successful models require that the outer half of the moon initially heated to melting temperatures, probably due to rapid accretion. Differentiation of radioactive heat sources toward the lunar surface occurred during the first 1.6 billion years. Temperatures in the outer 500 km are currently low, while the deep interior (radius less than 700 to 1000 km) is warmer than 1000 C, and is of primordial material.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE SCIENCES
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  • 3
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    Density within the moon and implications for lunar composition (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: A number of simple density models for the moon are discussed. The considered models are consistent with the lunar mass and moment of inertia, the latest information on the seismic velocity of the lunar crust and mantle, and assorted estimates of temperature in the lunar interior. New material presented includes the implications for density models of recent seismic evidence for a thin, high velocity layer beneath the lunar crust and for a zone of partial melting below 1000 km depth. The consequences of a dense, iron-rich central core are also explored.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE SCIENCES
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  • 4
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    On the density distribution in the moon. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: Models for lunar density distribution consistent with available data on lunar physical properties
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE SCIENCES
    Materialart: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 5
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    Internal constitution and evolution of the moon. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: The composition, structure and evolution of the moon's interior are narrowly constrained by a large assortment of physical and chemical data. Models of the thermal evolution of the moon that fit the chronology of igneous activity on the lunar surface, the stress history of the lunar lithosphere implied by the presence of mascons, and the surface concentrations of radioactive elements, involve extensive differentiation early in lunar history. This differentiation may be the result of rapid accretion and large-scale melting or of primary chemical layering during accretion; differences in present-day temperatures for these two possibilities are significant only in the inner 1000 km of the moon and may not be resolvable.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE SCIENCES
    Materialart: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors; 7; Apr. 197
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  • 6
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    MESSENGER Measurements of Mercury's Magnetic Field during the First Flyby (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-19
    Beschreibung: On 14 January 2008 the MESSENGER spacecraft will encounter Mercury for the first time. Depending upon the solar wind conditions, this initial flyby will return Magnetometer measurements of Mercury's magnetic field over a time interval lasting between - 30 md 60 min. Closest approach for MESSENGER is targeted for an altitude of 200 km as compared with the 707 krn and 327 km attained by Mariner 10 on 29 March 1974 and 16 March 1975, respectively. Furthermore, the differences in the MESSENGER and Mariner 10 encounter trajectories, with respect both to magnetospheric and body-fixed coordinates are highly complementary and expected to lead to significant improvements in our knowledge of Mercury's magnetic field. We present an overview of the MESSENGER magnetic field observations, an initial subtraction of the magnetic fields attributable to magnetospheric current systems from the total measured magnetic field, and an improved model of Mercury's intrinsic magnetic field. We also discuss the expected advances afforded by the two additional MESSENGER flybys, which occur in October 2008 and September 2009, as well as the orbital phase that will begin in March 201 1.
    Schlagwort(e): Astronomy
    Materialart: European Geophysical Union Conference; Apr 10, 2008 - Apr 19, 2008; Vienna; Austria
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  • 7
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    MESSENGER Observations of Mercury's Bow Shock and Magnetopause (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-19
    Beschreibung: MESSENGER'S 14 January 2008 encounter with Mercury will provide the first new observations of the solar wind interaction with this planet since the Mariner 10 flybys that took place over 30 years ago. The closest approach distance for this first MESSENGER flyby is targeted for an altitude of 200 km as compared with the 707 km and 327 km attained by Mariner 10 on 29 March 1974 and 16 March 1975, respectively. The locations of the bow shock and magnetopause boundaries observed by MESSENGER will be examined and compared against those found in the earlier Mariner 10 measurements and the predictions of theoretical models and numerical simulations. The structure of the magnetopause will be investigated for the presence of flux transfer events or other evidence of magnetic reconnection as will the more general implications of these new MESSENGER bow shock and magnetopause observations for the global solar wind interaction with Mercury.
    Schlagwort(e): Astronomy
    Materialart: European Geophysical Union Conference; Apr 10, 2008 - Apr 19, 2008; Vienna; Austria
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  • 8
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    MESSENGER and Venus Express Observations of the Near-tail of Venus: Magnetic Flux Transport, Current Sheet Structure, and Flux Rope Formation (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-19
    Beschreibung: At 23:08 UT on 5 June 2007 the MESSENGER spacecraft reached its closest approach altitude (338 km) during its second flyby of Venus en route to its 2011 orbit insertion at Mercury. Whereas no measurements were collected during MESSENGER'S first Venus flyby in October 2006, the Magnetometer (MAG) and the Energetic Particle and Plasma Spectrometer (EPPS) operated successfully throughout this second encounter. Venus provides the solar system's best example to date of a solar wind - ionosphere planetary interaction. We present MESSENGER observations of the near-tail of Venus with emphasis on determining the time scales for magnetic flux transport, the structure of the cross-tail current sheet at very low altitudes (approx. 300 to 1000 km), and the nature and origin of a magnetic flux rope observed in the current sheet. The availability of the simultaneous Venus Express upstream measurements provides a unique opportunity to examine the influence of solar wind plasma and interplanetary magnetic field conditions on this planet's solar wind interaction at solar minimum.
    Schlagwort(e): Astronomy
    Materialart: European Geophysical Union Conference; Apr 10, 2008 - Apr 19, 2008; Vienna; Austria
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  • 9
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    Velocity structure and evolution of the moon (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Seismic data from the Apollo Passive Seismic Network stations are analyzed to determine the velocity structure and to infer the composition and physical properties of the lunar interior. Data from artificial impacts (SIBV booster and LM-ascent stage) cover a distance range of 9 to 1750 km. Travel times and amplitudes, as well as theoretical seismograms, are used to derive a velocity model for the outer 150 km of the moon. The P-wave velocity model confirms an earlier report of a lunar crust in the eastern part of Oceanus Procellarum. The crust is about 60 km thick and may consist of two layers in the mare regions. Possible values for the P-wave velocity in the uppermost mantle are between 7.6 and 9.0 km/sec. The 9 km/sec velocity represents either a localized heterogeneous unit, or a thin layer less than about 40 km in thickness. The elastic properties of the deep interior, as inferred from the seismograms of natural events (meteoroid impacts and moonquakes) occurring at great distances, indicate that there is an increase in attenuation and a possible decrease of velocity at depths below about 1000 km.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE SCIENCES
    Materialart: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 05, 1973 - Mar 08, 1973; Houston, TX
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