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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Codon reassignment (codon capture) in evolution (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 28 (1989), S. 271-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Genetic code ; Codon reassignment ; Codon capture ; Directional mutation pressure ; AT/GC pressure ; Wobble rules ; Mitochondria ; Mycoplasma ; Ciliated protozoa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genetic code, once thought to be “frozen”, show variations from the universal code. Variations are found in mitochondria,Mycoplasma, and ciliated protozoa. The variations results from reassignment of codons, especially stop codons. The ressignments take place by disappearance of a codon from coding sequences, followed by its reappearance in a new role. Simultaneously, a changed anticodon must appear. We discuss the role of directional mutation pressure in the pressure in the events, and we also describe the possibility that such events have taken place during early evolution of the genetic code and can occur during its present evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02103422
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of the amino acid code: Inferences from mitochondrial codes (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 19 (1983), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Amino acid code ; Molecular evolution ; Mitochondrial code ; Anticodons ; Archetypal code
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The amino acid code is usually presented as a table of 64 codons. Actually the code results from the action of tRNA molecules that carry amino acids to codons in mRNA by means of codon-anticodon pairing. The tRNA molecules are transcribed from genes that undergo evolution and the number of anticodons can therefore increase during evolution, but the number of codons is fixed at 64. Mammalian mitochondrial codes contain only 22 anticodons for 20 amino acids as compared with 54 anticodons for 20 amino acids in the universal code. It is proposed that an archetypal code containing 16 anticodons for 15 amino acids evolved into the universal code by gene duplication, followed by mutations that modified the anticodons and amino acid acceptor sites. In substantiation of this proposal, it is noted that the mammalian mitochondrial code, is simplified by comparison with the universal code. For example, single anticodons are used for each of eight amino acids in the mammalian mitochondrial code. This simplification may represent an evolutionary retrogression towards the proposed archetypal code.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02099969
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