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  • 1
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    Crystal structure of the channelrhodopsin light-gated cation channel (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-01-24
    Description: Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-gated cation channels derived from algae that have shown experimental utility in optogenetics; for example, neurons expressing ChRs can be optically controlled with high temporal precision within systems as complex as freely moving mammals. Although ChRs have been broadly applied to neuroscience research, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which these unusual and powerful proteins operate. Here we present the crystal structure of a ChR (a C1C2 chimaera between ChR1 and ChR2 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) at 2.3 A resolution. The structure reveals the essential molecular architecture of ChRs, including the retinal-binding pocket and cation conduction pathway. This integration of structural and electrophysiological analyses provides insight into the molecular basis for the remarkable function of ChRs, and paves the way for the precise and principled design of ChR variants with novel properties.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4160518/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4160518/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kato, Hideaki E -- Zhang, Feng -- Yizhar, Ofer -- Ramakrishnan, Charu -- Nishizawa, Tomohiro -- Hirata, Kunio -- Ito, Jumpei -- Aita, Yusuke -- Tsukazaki, Tomoya -- Hayashi, Shigehiko -- Hegemann, Peter -- Maturana, Andres D -- Ishitani, Ryuichiro -- Deisseroth, Karl -- Nureki, Osamu -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jan 22;482(7385):369-74. doi: 10.1038/nature10870.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22266941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteriorhodopsins/chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Cations/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/*chemistry/genetics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Ion Channel Gating/*radiation effects ; Ion Channels/*chemistry/genetics/radiation effects ; *Light ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics/radiation effects ; Retinaldehyde/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/*chemistry/genetics/radiation effects ; Schiff Bases/chemistry ; Static Electricity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Mitotic cell rounding accelerates epithelial invagination (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-22
    Description: Mitotic cells assume a spherical shape by increasing their surface tension and osmotic pressure by extensively reorganizing their interphase actin cytoskeleton into a cortical meshwork and their microtubules into the mitotic spindle. Mitotic entry is known to interfere with tissue morphogenetic events that require cell-shape changes controlled by the interphase cytoskeleton, such as apical constriction. However, here we show that mitosis plays an active role in the epithelial invagination of the Drosophila melanogaster tracheal placode. Invagination begins with a slow phase under the control of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling; in this process, the central apically constricted cells, which are surrounded by intercalating cells, form a shallow pit. This slow phase is followed by a fast phase, in which the pit is rapidly depressed, accompanied by mitotic entry, which leads to the internalization of all the cells in the placode. We found that mitotic cell rounding, but not cell division, of the central cells in the placode is required to accelerate invagination, in conjunction with EGFR-induced myosin II contractility in the surrounding cells. We propose that mitotic cell rounding causes the epithelium to buckle under pressure and acts as a switch for morphogenetic transition at the appropriate time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kondo, Takefumi -- Hayashi, Shigeo -- England -- Nature. 2013 Feb 7;494(7435):125-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11792. Epub 2013 Jan 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23334416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Shape/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*cytology/*embryology ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; *Mitosis ; Myosin Type II/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Respiratory System/anatomy & histology/cytology/embryology ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Biophysics. Silencing neurons with light (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayashi, Shigehiko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):369-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1253616.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chloride Channels/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Humans ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rhodopsin/*chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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