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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-02-15
    Description: Evolutionary changes in traits involved in both ecological divergence and mate choice may produce reproductive isolation and speciation. However, there are few examples of such dual traits, and the genetic and molecular bases of their evolution have not been identified. We show that methyl-branched cuticular hydrocarbons (mbCHCs) are a dual trait that affects both desiccation resistance and mate choice in Drosophila serrata. We identify a fatty acid synthase mFAS (CG3524) responsible for mbCHC production in Drosophila and find that expression of mFAS is undetectable in oenocytes (cells that produce CHCs) of a closely related, desiccation-sensitive species, D. birchii, due in part to multiple changes in cis-regulatory sequences of mFAS. We suggest that ecologically influenced changes in the production of mbCHCs have contributed to reproductive isolation between the two species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chung, Henry -- Loehlin, David W -- Dufour, Heloise D -- Vaccarro, Kathy -- Millar, Jocelyn G -- Carroll, Sean B -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1148-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1249998. Epub 2014 Feb 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24526311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Desiccation ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fatty Acid Synthases/*genetics/physiology ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Variation ; Hydrocarbons/*metabolism ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Reproductive Isolation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key regulator of inflammatory responses and has been implicated in many pathological conditions. We used structure-based design to engineer variant TNF proteins that rapidly form heterotrimers with native TNF to give complexes that neither bind to nor stimulate signaling through TNF receptors. Thus, TNF is inactivated by sequestration. Dominant-negative TNFs represent a possible approach to anti-inflammatory biotherapeutics, and experiments in animal models show that the strategy can attenuate TNF-mediated pathology. Similar rational design could be used to engineer inhibitors of additional TNF superfamily cytokines as well as other multimeric ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steed, Paul M -- Tansey, Malu G -- Zalevsky, Jonathan -- Zhukovsky, Eugene A -- Desjarlais, John R -- Szymkowski, David E -- Abbott, Christina -- Carmichael, David -- Chan, Cheryl -- Cherry, Lisa -- Cheung, Peter -- Chirino, Arthur J -- Chung, Hyo H -- Doberstein, Stephen K -- Eivazi, Araz -- Filikov, Anton V -- Gao, Sarah X -- Hubert, Rene S -- Hwang, Marian -- Hyun, Linus -- Kashi, Sandhya -- Kim, Alice -- Kim, Esther -- Kung, James -- Martinez, Sabrina P -- Muchhal, Umesh S -- Nguyen, Duc-Hanh T -- O'Brien, Christopher -- O'Keefe, Donald -- Singer, Karen -- Vafa, Omid -- Vielmetter, Jost -- Yoder, Sean C -- Dahiyat, Bassil I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1895-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Xencor, 111 West Lemon Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy ; Biopolymers ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Disease Progression ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Galactosamine/pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Liver/drug effects ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Point Mutation ; *Protein Engineering ; Rats ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/metabolism/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1993-02-05
    Description: Mutations in Ras protein at positions Gly12 and Gly13 (phosphate-binding loop L1) and at positions Ala59, Gly60, and Gln61 (loop L4) are commonly associated with oncogenic activation. The structural and catalytic roles of these residues were probed with a series of unnatural amino acids that have unusual main chain conformations, hydrogen bonding abilities, and steric features. The properties of wild-type and transforming Ras proteins previously thought to be uniquely associated with the structure of a single amino acid at these positions were retained by mutants that contained a variety of unnatural amino acids. This expanded set of functional mutants provides new insight into the role of loop L4 residues in switch function and suggests that loop L1 may participate in the activation of Ras protein by effector molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chung, H H -- Benson, D R -- Schultz, P G -- F32 GM14165/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 5;259(5096):806-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8430333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; *Genes, ras ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Methionine/genetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Phosphorylation ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; *Protein Conformation ; *Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/*chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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