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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-05-26
    Description: Amyloid beta peptide (Abeta), the pathogenic agent of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a physiological metabolite in the brain. We examined the role of neprilysin, a candidate Abeta-degrading peptidase, in the metabolism using neprilysin gene-disrupted mice. Neprilysin deficiency resulted in defects both in the degradation of exogenously administered Abeta and in the metabolic suppression of the endogenous Abeta levels in a gene dose-dependent manner. The regional levels of Abeta in the neprilysin-deficient mouse brain were in the distinct order of hippocampus, cortex, thalamus/striatum, and cerebellum, where hippocampus has the highest level and cerebellum the lowest, correlating with the vulnerability to Abeta deposition in brains of humans with AD. Our observations suggest that even partial down-regulation of neprilysin activity, which could be caused by aging, can contribute to AD development by promoting Abeta accumulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iwata, N -- Tsubuki, S -- Takaki, Y -- Shirotani, K -- Lu, B -- Gerard, N P -- Gerard, C -- Hama, E -- Lee, H J -- Saido, T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1550-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi 351-0198 Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11375493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease/etiology/genetics/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/enzymology/*metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Down-Regulation ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Dosage ; Hippocampus/enzymology/metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Neprilysin/genetics/*metabolism ; Neurons/enzymology ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Presenilin-1 ; Response Elements ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: CCR5 and CD4 are coreceptors for immunodeficiency virus entry into target cells. The gp120 envelope glycoprotein from human immunodeficiency virus strain HIV-1(YU2) bound human CCR5 (CCR5hu) or rhesus macaque CCR5 (CCR5rh) only in the presence of CD4. The gp120 from simian immunodeficiency virus strain SIVmac239 bound CCR5rh without CD4, but CCR5hu remained CD4-dependent. The CD4-independent binding of SIVmac239 gp120 depended on a single amino acid, Asp13, in the CCR5rh amino-terminus. Thus, CCR5-binding moieties on the immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein can be generated by interaction with CD4 or by direct interaction with the CCR5 amino-terminus. These results may have implications for the evolution of receptor use among lentiviruses as well as utility in the development of effective intervention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, K A -- Wyatt, R -- Farzan, M -- Choe, H -- Marcon, L -- Desjardins, E -- Robinson, J -- Sodroski, J -- Gerard, C -- Gerard, N P -- AI41581/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL36162/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL51366/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 21;278(5342):1470-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Perlmutter Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9367961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, CD4/*physiology ; Cell Line ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*metabolism ; HIV-2/immunology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Macrophages/virology ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mutation ; Receptors, CCR5/chemistry/*metabolism ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*metabolism ; Transfection ; *Viral Envelope Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: Features of chronic asthma include airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory infiltrates, and structural changes in the airways, termed remodeling. The contribution of eosinophils, cells associated with asthma and allergy, remains to be established. We show that in mice with a total ablation of the eosinophil lineage, increases in airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus secretion were similar to those observed in wild-type mice, but eosinophil-deficient mice were significantly protected from peribronchiolar collagen deposition and increases in airway smooth muscle. These data suggest that eosinophils contribute substantially to airway remodeling but are not obligatory for allergen-induced lung dysfunction, and support an important role for eosinophil-targeted therapies in chronic asthma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Humbles, Alison A -- Lloyd, Clare M -- McMillan, Sarah J -- Friend, Daniel S -- Xanthou, Georgina -- McKenna, Erin E -- Ghiran, Sorina -- Gerard, Norma P -- Yu, Channing -- Orkin, Stuart H -- Gerard, Craig -- 087618/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- AI39759/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL10463/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1776-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. alison.humbles@childrens.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asthma/immunology/*pathology/physiopathology ; Bronchi/pathology ; Cell Division ; Collagen/analysis ; Eosinophils/*physiology ; Interleukins/analysis ; Leukocyte Count ; Lung/immunology/*pathology/physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mucus/secretion ; Muscle, Smooth/pathology ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity/immunology/pathology/physiopathology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-09-20
    Description: The formation of intrapulmonary immune complexes in mice generates a vigorous inflammatory response characterized by microvascular permeability and polymorphonuclear neutrophil influx. Gene-targeted disruption of the substance P receptor (NK-1R) protected the lung from immune complex injury, as did disruption of the C5a anaphylatoxin receptor. Immunoreactive substance P was measurable in fluids lining the lung at time points before neutrophil influx and may thus be involved in an early step in the inflammatory response to immune complexes in the lung.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bozic, C R -- Lu, B -- Hopken, U E -- Gerard, C -- Gerard, N P -- HL36162/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL51366/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Sep 20;273(5282):1722-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Perlmutter Laboratory, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8781237" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Complex/*immunology ; Antigens, CD/genetics/physiology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry ; Capillary Permeability ; Complement C5a/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Immune Complex Diseases/immunology/*metabolism/pathology ; Inflammation/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Lung/chemistry/pathology ; Lung Diseases/immunology/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrophils ; Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a ; Receptors, Complement/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/genetics/physiology ; Substance P/analysis/*physiology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2009-06-16
    Description: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness worldwide, is as prevalent as cancer in industrialized nations. Most blindness in AMD results from invasion of the retina by choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). Here we show that the eosinophil/mast cell chemokine receptor CCR3 is specifically expressed in choroidal neovascular endothelial cells in humans with AMD, and that despite the expression of its ligands eotaxin-1, -2 and -3, neither eosinophils nor mast cells are present in human CNV. Genetic or pharmacological targeting of CCR3 or eotaxins inhibited injury-induced CNV in mice. CNV suppression by CCR3 blockade was due to direct inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, and was uncoupled from inflammation because it occurred in mice lacking eosinophils or mast cells, and was independent of macrophage and neutrophil recruitment. CCR3 blockade was more effective at reducing CNV than vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) neutralization, which is in clinical use at present, and, unlike VEGF-A blockade, is not toxic to the mouse retina. In vivo imaging with CCR3-targeting quantum dots located spontaneous CNV invisible to standard fluorescein angiography in mice before retinal invasion. CCR3 targeting might reduce vision loss due to AMD through early detection and therapeutic angioinhibition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712122/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712122/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeda, Atsunobu -- Baffi, Judit Z -- Kleinman, Mark E -- Cho, Won Gil -- Nozaki, Miho -- Yamada, Kiyoshi -- Kaneko, Hiroki -- Albuquerque, Romulo J C -- Dridi, Sami -- Saito, Kuniharu -- Raisler, Brian J -- Budd, Steven J -- Geisen, Pete -- Munitz, Ariel -- Ambati, Balamurali K -- Green, Martha G -- Ishibashi, Tatsuro -- Wright, John D -- Humbles, Alison A -- Gerard, Craig J -- Ogura, Yuichiro -- Pan, Yuzhen -- Smith, Justine R -- Grisanti, Salvatore -- Hartnett, M Elizabeth -- Rothenberg, Marc E -- Ambati, Jayakrishna -- AI039759/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45898/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK076893/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- EY010572/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY015130/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY015422/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY017011/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY017182/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY017950/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY018350/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY018836/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK076893/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015422/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015422-04/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018350/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018350-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018836/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018836-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 9;460(7252):225-30. doi: 10.1038/nature08151. Epub 2009 Jun 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19525930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CCL11/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Chemokine CCL24/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Chemokines, CC/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Choroid/blood supply/cytology/metabolism ; Choroidal Neovascularization/diagnosis/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelial Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes ; Ligands ; Macular Degeneration/*diagnosis/metabolism/*therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Quantum Dots ; Receptors, CCR3/analysis/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Retina/drug effects/pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-11-10
    Description: CD4(+) T helper cells are well known for their role in providing critical signals during priming of cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vivo. T-cell help is required for the generation of primary CTL responses as well as in promoting protective CD8(+) memory T-cell development. However, the role of CD4 help in the control of CTL responses at the effector stage is unknown. Here we show that fully helped effector CTLs are themselves not self-sufficient for entry into the infected tissue, but rely on the CD4(+) T cells to provide the necessary cue. CD4(+) T helper cells control the migration of CTL indirectly through the secretion of IFN-gamma and induction of local chemokine secretion in the infected tissue. Our results reveal a previously unappreciated role of CD4 help in mobilizing effector CTL to the peripheral sites of infection where they help to eliminate infected cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789415/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789415/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakanishi, Yusuke -- Lu, Bao -- Gerard, Craig -- Iwasaki, Akiko -- AI054359/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI062428/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI39759/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL51366/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI054359/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI054359-06A2/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI062428/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI062428-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):510-3. doi: 10.1038/nature08511. Epub 2009 Nov 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19898495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Chemokines/immunology/secretion ; *Chemotaxis ; Female ; Herpes Simplex/immunology/virology ; Herpesvirus 2, Human/*immunology ; Immunity, Mucosal/immunology ; Interferon-gamma/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Immunological ; Mucous Membrane/immunology/virology ; Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*cytology/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology/secretion ; Vagina/*immunology/*virology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1989-12-22
    Description: The pituitary hormone thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is the main physiological agent that regulates the thyroid gland. The thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) was cloned by selective amplification with the polymerase chain reaction of DNA segments presenting sequence similarity with genes for G protein-coupled receptors. Out of 11 new putative receptor clones obtained from genomic DNA, one had sequence characteristics different from all the others. Although this clone did not hybridize to thyroid transcripts, screening of a dog thyroid complementary DNA (cDNA) library at moderate stringency identified a cDNA encoding a 4.9-kilobase thyroid-specific transcript. The polypeptide encoded by this thyroid-specific transcript consisted of a 398-amino acid residue amino-terminal segment, constituting a putative extracellular domain, connected to a 346-residue carboxyl-terminal domain that contained seven putative transmembrane segments. Expression of the cDNA conferred TSH responsiveness to Xenopus oocytes and Y1 cells and a TSH binding phenotype to COS cells. The TSHR and the receptor for luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotropin constitute a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors with distinct sequence characteristics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parmentier, M -- Libert, F -- Maenhaut, C -- Lefort, A -- Gerard, C -- Perret, J -- Van Sande, J -- Dumont, J E -- Vassart, G -- R01-DK21732/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1620-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2556796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclic AMP ; Dogs ; Female ; *Genes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Thyrotropin/*genetics ; Thyrotropin/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: To survive in hostile environments, organisms activate stress-responsive transcriptional regulators that coordinately increase production of protective factors. Hypoxia changes cellular metabolism and thus activates redox-sensitive as well as oxygen-dependent signal transducers. We demonstrate that Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a redox-sensing deacetylase, selectively stimulates activity of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF-2alpha) during hypoxia. The effect of Sirt1 on HIF-2alpha required direct interaction of the proteins and intact deacetylase activity of Sirt1. Select lysine residues in HIF-2alpha that are acetylated during hypoxia confer repression of Sirt1 augmentation by small-molecule inhibitors. In cultured cells and mice, decreasing or increasing Sirt1 activity or levels affected expression of the HIF-2alpha target gene erythropoietin accordingly. Thus, Sirt1 promotes HIF-2 signaling during hypoxia and likely other environmental stresses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dioum, Elhadji M -- Chen, Rui -- Alexander, Matthew S -- Zhang, Quiyang -- Hogg, Richard T -- Gerard, Robert D -- Garcia, Joseph A -- I01 BX000446/BX/BLRD VA/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1289-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1169956.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Department of Medicine, 4500 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Erythropoietin/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/embryology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Signal Transduction ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuins/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vigne, J-D -- Guilaine, J -- Debue, K -- Haye, L -- Gerard, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):259.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS-Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity Management, UMR 5197, C.P. 56, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France. vigne@mnhn.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Domestic/anatomy & histology ; *Archaeology ; *Burial ; *Cats/anatomy & histology ; Cyprus ; Humans ; Skeleton ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: The evolutionary significance of stress-induced mutagenesis was evaluated by studying mutagenesis in aging colonies (MAC) of Escherichia coli natural isolates. A large fraction of isolates exhibited a strong MAC, and the high MAC variability reflected the diversity of selective pressures in ecological niches. MAC depends on starvation, oxygen, and RpoS and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate regulons; thus it may be a by-product of genetic strategies for improving survival under stress. MAC could also be selected through beneficial mutations that it generates, as shown by computer modeling and the patterns of stress-inducible and constitutive mutagenesis. We suggest that irrespective of the causes of their emergence, stress-induced mutations participate in adaptive evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bjedov, Ivana -- Tenaillon, Olivier -- Gerard, Benedicte -- Souza, Valeria -- Denamur, Erick -- Radman, Miroslav -- Taddei, Francois -- Matic, Ivan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1404-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U571, Faculte de Medecine Necker-Enfants Malades, Universite ParisV, 156 rue Vaugirard, 75730 ParisCedex 15, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Air Microbiology ; Alleles ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; DNA Repair ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; Escherichia coli/classification/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Feces/microbiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genes, Bacterial ; Geologic Sediments ; Humans ; Lac Operon ; Models, Biological ; *Mutagenesis ; Oxidative Stress ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Rec A Recombinases/metabolism ; Regulon ; SOS Response (Genetics) ; Selection, Genetic ; Sigma Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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