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  • 1
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    Enhanced activity and altered specificity of phospholipase A2 by deletion of a surface loop (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-04-07
    Description: Protein engineering and x-ray crystallography have been used to study the role of a surface loop that is present in pancreatic phospholipases but is absent in snake venom phospholipases. Removal of residues 62 to 66 from porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 does not change the binding constant for micelles significantly, but it improves catalytic activity up to 16 times on micellar (zwitterionic) lecithin substrates. In contrast, the decrease in activity on negatively charged substrates is greater than fourfold. A crystallographic study of the mutant enzyme shows that the region of the deletion has a well-defined structure that differs from the structure of the wild-type enzyme. No structural changes in the active site of the enzyme were detected.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuipers, O P -- Thunnissen, M M -- de Geus, P -- Dijkstra, B W -- Drenth, J -- Verheij, H M -- de Haas, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 7;244(4900):82-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2704992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Crystallography ; Enzyme Activation ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pancreas/enzymology ; Phospholipases/*metabolism ; Phospholipases A/genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Phospholipases A2 ; *Protein Conformation ; Snake Venoms/analysis ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Amplification of an esterase gene is responsible for insecticide resistance in a California Culex mosquito (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-15
    Description: An esterase gene from the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus that is responsible for resistance to a variety of organophosphorus (OP) insecticides was cloned in lambda gt11 phage. This gene was used to investigate the genetic mechanism of the high production of the esterase B1 it encodes in OP-resistant Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Tem-R strain) from California. Adults of the Tem-R strain were found to possess at least 250 times more copies of the gene than adults of a susceptible strain (S-Lab). The finding that selection by pesticides may result in the amplification of genes encoding detoxifying enzymes in whole, normally developed, reproducing insects emphasizes the biological importance of this mechanism and opens new areas of investigation in pesticide resistance management.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mouches, C -- Pasteur, N -- Berge, J B -- Hyrien, O -- Raymond, M -- de Saint Vincent, B R -- de Silvestri, M -- Georghiou, G P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 15;233(4765):778-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3755546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culex/drug effects/enzymology/*genetics ; DNA/analysis ; Drug Resistance ; Esterases/*genetics ; *Gene Amplification ; *Genes ; Insecticides/*pharmacology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Organophosphorus Compounds
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Alignment of rat cardionatrin sequences with the preprocardionatrin sequence from complementary DNA (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-19
    Description: Mammalian atria contain peptides that promote the excretion of salt and water from the kidney. When rat atrial tissue is extracted under conditions known to inhibit proteolysis, four natriuretic peptides, cardionatrins I to IV, are consistently isolated. These peptides derive from a common precursor, preprocardionatrin, of 152 amino acids, whose sequence was determined by DNA sequencing of a complementary DNA clone. Amino acid sequencing located the start points of cardionatrins I, III, and IV in the overall sequence. Cardionatrin IV most closely resembles procardionatrin because it begins immediately after the signal sequence at residue 25. Cardionatrin III begins at residue 73, and cardionatrin I, sequenced previously, begins at residue 123. Compositional analysis indicated that each of these cardionatrins extends up to tyrosine at position 150 but lacks the terminal two arginine residues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flynn, T G -- Davies, P L -- Kennedy, B P -- de Bold, M L -- de Bold, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 19;228(4697):323-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3157217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Atrial Function ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Base Sequence ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA/*genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/*genetics/isolation & purification ; *Peptide Fragments ; Protein Precursors/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Effects of glucocorticoids and norepinephrine on the excitability in the hippocampus (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-29
    Description: The CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus contain a high density of adrenal corticosteroid receptors. By intracellular recording, CA1 neurons in slices from adrenalectomized rats have been found to display a markedly reduced afterhyperpolarization (that is, the hyperpolarizing phase after a brief depolarizing current pulse) when compared with their sham controls. No differences were found for other tested membrane properties. Brief exposure of hippocampal slices from adrenalectomized rats to glucocorticoid agonists, 30 to 90 minutes before recording, greatly enhanced the afterhyperpolarization. In addition, glucocorticoids attenuated the norepinephrine-induced blockade of action potential accommodation in CA1 neurons. The findings indicate that glucocorticoids can reduce transmitter-evoked excitability in the hippocampus, presumably via a receptor-mediated genomic action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joels, M -- de Kloet, E R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 29;245(4925):1502-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2781292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Glucocorticoids/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/cytology/*drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/*pharmacology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Mouse lymph node homing receptor cDNA clone encodes a glycoprotein revealing tandem interaction domains (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-03
    Description: Isolation of a clone encoding the mouse lymph node homing receptor reveals a deduced protein with an unusual protein mosaic architecture, containing a separate carbohydrate-binding (lectin) domain, an epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) domain, and an extracellular precisely duplicated repeat unit, which preserves the motif seen in the homologous repeat structure of complement regulatory proteins and other proteins. The receptor molecule is potentially highly glycosylated, and contains an apparent transmembrane region. Analysis of messenger RNA transcripts reveals a predominantly lymphoid distribution in direct relation to the cell surface expression of the MEL-14 determinant, and the cDNA clone is shown to confer the MEL-14 epitope in heterologous cells. The many novel features, including ubiquitination, embodied in this single receptor molecule form the basis for numerous approaches to the study of cell-cell interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siegelman, M H -- van de Rijn, M -- Weissman, I L -- AI09022/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- OIG43551/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 3;243(4895):1165-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2646713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; DNA/*genetics ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Glycosylation ; Lymph Nodes/*metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 6
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    Mutants of pertussis toxin suitable for vaccine development (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-27
    Description: Immunization with chemically detoxified pertussis toxin can prevent severe whooping cough with an efficacy similar to that of the cellular pertussis vaccine, which normally gives unwanted side effects. To avoid the reversion to toxicity and the loss of immunogenicity that may follow chemical treatment of pertussis toxin, inactive toxins were constructed by genetic manipulation. A number of genetically engineered alleles of the pertussis toxin genes, constructed by replacing either one or two key amino acids within the enzymatically active S1 subunit, were introduced into the chromosome of strains of Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica. These strains produce mutant pertussis toxin molecules that are nontoxic and immunogenic and that protect mice from the intracerebral challenge with virulent Bordetella pertussis. Such molecules are ideal for the development of new and safer vaccines against whooping cough.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pizza, M -- Covacci, A -- Bartoloni, A -- Perugini, M -- Nencioni, L -- De Magistris, M T -- Villa, L -- Nucci, D -- Manetti, R -- Bugnoli, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):497-500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sclavo Research Center, Siena, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Genetic Techniques ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutation ; *Pertussis Toxin ; Pertussis Vaccine/*toxicity ; Rabbits ; Vaccines, Synthetic/toxicity ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/genetics/immunology/*toxicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Synapsins: mosaics of shared and individual domains in a family of synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-29
    Description: Synapsins are neuronal phosphoproteins that coat synaptic vesicles, bind to the cytoskeleton, and are believed to function in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Molecular cloning reveals that the synapsins comprise a family of four homologous proteins whose messenger RNA's are generated by differential splicing of transcripts from two genes. Each synapsin is a mosaic composed of homologous amino-terminal domains common to all synapsins and different combinations of distinct carboxyl-terminal domains. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrate that all four synapsins are widely distributed in nerve terminals, but that their relative amounts vary among different kinds of synapses. The structural diversity and differential distribution of the four synapsins suggest common and different roles of each in the integration of distinct signal transduction pathways that modulate neurotransmitter release in various types of neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sudhof, T C -- Czernik, A J -- Kao, H T -- Takei, K -- Johnston, P A -- Horiuchi, A -- Kanazir, S D -- Wagner, M A -- Perin, M S -- De Camilli, P -- AA 06944/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- MH 39327/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 29;245(4925):1474-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, TX.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2506642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Neuropeptides/*genetics ; Phosphoproteins/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Synapsins ; Synaptic Vesicles/*physiology
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  • 8
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    Selective activation of transcription by a novel CCAAT binding factor (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-29
    Description: A novel CCAAT binding factor (CBF) composed of two different subunits has been extensively purified from rat liver. Both subunits are needed for specific binding to DNA. Addition of this purified protein to nuclear extracts of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts stimulates transcription from several promoters including the alpha 2(I) collagen, the alpha 1(I) collagen, the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (RSV-LTR), and the adenovirus major late promoter. Point mutations in the CCAAT motif that show either no binding or a decreased binding of CBF likewise abolish or reduce activation of transcription by CBF. Activation of transcription requires, therefore, the specific binding of CBF to its recognition sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maity, S N -- Golumbek, P T -- Karsenty, G -- de Crombrugghe, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 29;241(4865):582-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, Univesity of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3399893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Collagen/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/physiology ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/*physiology ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Evoked mechanical responses of isolated cochlear outer hair cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-11
    Description: Intracellular current administration evokes rapid, graded, and bidirectional mechanical responses of isolated outer hair cells from the mammalian inner ear. The cells become shorter in response to depolarizing and longer in response to hyperpolarizing currents in the synaptic end of the cell. The cells respond with either an increase or decrease in length to transcellular alternating current stimulation. The direction of the movement with transcellular stimuli appears to be frequency dependent. Iontophoretic application of acetylcholine to the synaptic end of the cell decreases its length. The microarchitecture of the organ of Corti permits length changes of outer hair cells in a manner that could significantly influence the mechanics of the cochlear partition and thereby contribute to the exquisite sensitivity of mammalian hearing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brownell, W E -- Bader, C R -- Bertrand, D -- de Ribaupierre, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 11;227(4683):194-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Guinea Pigs ; Hair Cells, Auditory/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Ionophores ; Membrane Potentials
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    On the mathematical structure of the visuotopic mapping of macaque striate cortex (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, E -- Tootell, R B -- Silverman, M S -- Switkes, E -- De Valois, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 1;227(4690):1065-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain Mapping/methods ; Deoxyglucose ; Macaca ; Mathematics ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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