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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1990-02-23
    Description: To understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for generating physiologically diverse potassium channels in mammalian cells, mouse genomic clones have been isolated with a potassium channel complementary DNA, MBK1, that is homologous to the Drosophila potassium channel gene, Shaker. A family of three closely related potassium channel genes (MK1, MK2, and MK3) that are encoded at distinct genomic loci has been isolated. Sequence analysis reveals that the coding region of each of these three genes exists as a single uninterrupted exon in the mouse genome. This organization precludes the generation of multiple forms of the protein by alternative RNA splicing, a mechanism known to characterize the Drosophila potassium channel genes Shaker and Shab. Thus, mammals may use a different strategy for generating diverse K+ channels by encoding related genes at multiple distinct genomic loci, each of which produces only a single protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandy, K G -- Williams, C B -- Spencer, R H -- Aguilar, B A -- Ghanshani, S -- Tempel, B L -- Gutman, G A -- AI21366/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI24783/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NS27206/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):973-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92717.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2305265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Probes ; Drosophila/genetics ; Exons ; *Introns ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Potassium Channels ; Restriction Mapping
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1992-10-09
    Description: The human diet contains an enormous background of natural chemicals, such as plant pesticides and the products of cooking, that have not been a focus of carcinogenicity testing. A broadened perspective that includes these natural chemicals is necessary. A comparison of possible hazards for 80 daily exposures to rodent carcinogens from a variety of sources is presented, using an index (HERP) that relates human exposure to carcinogenic potency in rodents. A similar ordering would be expected with the use of standard risk assessment methodology for the same human exposure values. Results indicate that, when viewed against the large background of naturally occurring carcinogens in typical portions of common foods, the residues of synthetic pesticides or environmental pollutants rank low. A similar result is obtained in a separate comparison of 32 average daily exposures to natural pesticides and synthetic pesticide residues in the diet. Although the findings do not indicate that these natural dietary carcinogens are important in human cancer, they cast doubt on the relative importance for human cancer of low-dose exposures to synthetic chemicals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gold, L S -- Slone, T H -- Stern, B R -- Manley, N B -- Ames, B N -- CA39910/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ESO1896/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 9;258(5080):261-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, CA 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogenicity Tests/*standards ; *Carcinogens/administration & dosage/analysis ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects ; Food Analysis ; *Food Contamination ; Humans ; Pesticide Residues/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; *Rodentia
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1993-07-02
    Description: The enhancer for the immunoglobulin mu heavy chain gene (IgH) activates a heterologous gene at the pre-B cell stage of B lymphocyte differentiation. A lymphoid-specific element, microB, is necessary for enhancer function in pre-B cells. A microB binding protein is encoded by the PU.1/Spi-1 proto-oncogene. Another sequence element, microA, was identified in the mu enhancer that binds the product of the ets-1 proto-oncogene. The microA motif was required for microB-dependent enhancer activity, which suggests that a minimal B cell-specific enhancer is composed of both the PU.1 and Ets-1 binding sites. Co-expression of both PU.1 and Ets-1 in nonlymphoid cells trans-activated reporter plasmids that contained the minimal mu enhancer. These results implicate two members of the Ets family in the activation of IgH gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelsen, B -- Tian, G -- Erman, B -- Gregoire, J -- Maki, R -- Graves, B -- Sen, R -- 1K04GM00563/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM38663/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM38925/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 2;261(5117):82-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rosenstiel Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8316859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Female ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1 ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1994-06-24
    Description: Maternal sources of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) are shown here to contribute to the normal appearance and perinatal survival of TGF-beta 1 null newborn mice. Labeled TGF-beta 1 crossed the placenta and was recovered intact from various tissues after oral administration to mouse pups. TGF beta-1 protein was also detected in cells recovered from breast milk. In immunohistochemical analyses, TGF-beta 1 null embryos and null newborn pups born to TGF-beta 1 heterozygotes stained positive for TGF-beta 1, whereas those born to a null female were negative and had severe cardiac abnormalities. These results suggest an important role for maternal sources of TGF-beta 1 during development and, more generally, provide evidence for maternal rescue of targeted gene disruption in the fetus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Letterio, J J -- Geiser, A G -- Kulkarni, A B -- Roche, N S -- Sporn, M B -- Roberts, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 24;264(5167):1936-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Chemoprevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8009224" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Fetus/*metabolism ; Heart Defects, Congenital/etiology ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Mice ; Milk/chemistry ; Pregnancy ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/analysis/biosynthesis/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1994-04-01
    Description: The apical ectodermal ridge permits growth and elongation of amniote limb buds; removal causes rapid changes in mesodermal gene expression, patterned cell death, and truncation of the limb. Ectopic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 supplied to the chick apical bud mesoderm after ridge removal will sustain normal gene expression and cell viability, and allow relatively normal limb development. A bioassay for FGFs demonstrated that FGF-2 was the only detectable FGF in chick limb bud extracts. By distribution and bioactivity, FGF-2 is the prime candidate for the chick limb bud apical ridge growth signal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fallon, J F -- Lopez, A -- Ros, M A -- Savage, M P -- Olwin, B B -- Simandl, B K -- 5T32GM07507/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD20743/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 1;264(5155):104-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Anatomy Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7908145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; Cell Death ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Chick Embryo ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Ectoderm/chemistry/*physiology ; Extremities/*embryology ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/analysis/metabolism/pharmacology/*physiology ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Homeodomain Proteins ; Humans ; MSX1 Transcription Factor ; Mesoderm/*cytology/metabolism ; Muscles/cytology ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Transcription Factors
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1993-04-09
    Description: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase, labeled with fluorescein and rhodamine on the catalytic and regulatory subunits, respectively, was injected into Aplysia sensory neurons either in culture or in intact cell clusters. Energy transfer between the subunits, a measure of cytosolic cAMP concentration ([cAMP]), and compartmentation of the dissociated subunits were monitored by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Bath application of serotonin produced a much greater elevation of [cAMP] in the processes than in the central bodies of the neurons. The resulting gradients must drive a sizable centripetal flux of cAMP because direct microinjection of cAMP showed that it diffused readily. Perinuclear increases in [cAMP] slowly caused the translocation of the freed catalytic subunit into the nucleus to an extent proportional to the percentage of its dissociation from the regulatory subunit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bacskai, B J -- Hochner, B -- Mahaut-Smith, M -- Adams, S R -- Kaang, B K -- Kandel, E R -- Tsien, R Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 9;260(5105):222-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0647.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7682336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Aplysia ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Nucleus/enzymology/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/enzymology/metabolism ; Diffusion ; Fluorescein ; Fluoresceins ; Microinjections ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects/enzymology/*metabolism ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Rhodamines ; Serotonin/pharmacology
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: Ten strains of a new arbovirus belonging to the Bunyamwera group (Bunyaviridae) were recovered from field-collected Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Potosi, Missouri. This evidence indicates that this species may serve as an arbovirus vector in the United States. The urban-suburban distribution, aggressive biting behavior, and broad viral susceptibility of Ae. albopictus may lead to the transmission of viruses of known public health importance and perhaps of viruses hitherto not transmitted to humans because of the feeding pattern of their usual vectors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Francy, D B -- Karabatsos, N -- Wesson, D M -- Moore, C G Jr -- Lazuick, J S -- Niebylski, M L -- Tsai, T F -- Craig, G B Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1738-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, U.S. Public Health Service, Fort Collins, CO 80522.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*microbiology ; Animals ; Arboviruses/*isolation & purification ; Asia ; Humans ; Insect Vectors ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1991-03-29
    Description: Cloned integrin alpha 2 subunit complementary DNA was expressed on human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells to give a functional VLA-2 (alpha 2 beta 1) adhesion receptor. The VLA-2-positive RDA2 cells not only showed increased adhesion to collagen and laminin in vitro, but also formed substantially more metastatic tumor colonies in nude mice after either intravenous or subcutaneous injection. These results show that a specific adhesion receptor (VLA-2) can markedly enhance both experimental and spontaneous metastasis. In contrast to the metastasis results, there was no difference in either the in vitro growth rate or apparent in vivo tumorigenicity of RD and RDA2 cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, B M -- Matsuura, N -- Takada, Y -- Zetter, B R -- Hemler, M E -- CA 37393/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 38903/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 29;251(5001):1600-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2011740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Collagen ; Fibronectins ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Laminin ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology/secondary ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Receptors, Very Late Antigen/genetics/*physiology ; Rhabdomyosarcoma/*pathology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1991-08-02
    Description: Modulation of the activity of potassium and other ion channels is an essential feature of nervous system function. The open probability of a large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel from rat brain, incorporated into planar lipid bilayers, is increased by the addition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the cytoplasmic side of the channel. This modulation takes place without the addition of protein kinase, requires Mg2+, and is mimicked by an ATP analog that serves as a substrate for protein kinases but not by a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog. Addition of protein phosphatase 1 reverses the modulation by MgATP. Thus, there may be an endogenous protein kinase activity firmly associated with this K+ channel. Some ion channels may exist in a complex that contains regulatory protein kinases and phosphatases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chung, S K -- Reinhart, P H -- Martin, B L -- Brautigan, D -- Levitan, I B -- DK31374/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NS17910/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 2;253(5019):560-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1857986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Lipid Bilayers ; Potassium Channels/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Rats
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1991-06-21
    Description: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans at the cell surface and to receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Prevention of binding between cell surface heparan sulfate and bFGF (i) substantially reduces binding of fibroblast growth factor to its cell-surface receptors, (ii) blocks the ability of bFGF to support the growth of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, and (iii) induces terminal differentiation of MM14 skeletal muscle cells, which is normally repressed by fibroblast growth factor. These results indicate that cell surface heparan sulfate is directly involved in bFGF cell signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rapraeger, A C -- Krufka, A -- Olwin, B B -- 5T32H007118/PHS HHS/ -- AR39467/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HD21881/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR039467/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD021881/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 21;252(5013):1705-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1646484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Chlorates/pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/*metabolism ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; Heparitin Sulfate/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Muscles/*cytology ; Polysaccharide-Lyases/pharmacology ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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