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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: The prefrontal cortex is a higher brain region that regulates thought, behavior, and emotion using representational knowledge, operations often referred to as working memory. We tested the influence of protein kinase C (PKC) intracellular signaling on prefrontal cortical cognitive function and showed that high levels of PKC activity in prefrontal cortex, as seen for example during stress exposure, markedly impair behavioral and electrophysiological measures of working memory. These data suggest that excessive PKC activation can disrupt prefrontal cortical regulation of behavior and thought, possibly contributing to signs of prefrontal cortical dysfunction such as distractibility, impaired judgment, impulsivity, and thought disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birnbaum, S G -- Yuan, P X -- Wang, M -- Vijayraghavan, S -- Bloom, A K -- Davis, D J -- Gobeske, K T -- Sweatt, J D -- Manji, H K -- Arnsten, A F T -- AG06036/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH068789/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):882-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale Medical School, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Alkaloids ; Animals ; Benzophenanthridines ; Carbolines/pharmacology ; Electrophysiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Lithium Carbonate/pharmacology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Phenanthridines/pharmacology ; Prefrontal Cortex/enzymology/*physiology ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Valproic Acid/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: Human genetic diseases that resemble accelerated aging provide useful models for gerontologists. They combine known single-gene mutations with deficits in selected tissues that are reminiscent of changes seen during normal aging. Here, we describe recent progress toward linking molecular and cellular changes with the phenotype seen in two of these disorders. One in particular, Werner syndrome, provides evidence to support the hypothesis that the senescence of somatic cells may be a causal agent of normal aging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kipling, David -- Davis, Terence -- Ostler, Elizabeth L -- Faragher, Richard G A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1426-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cell Aging ; Cell Division ; DNA Helicases/genetics/physiology ; Exodeoxyribonucleases ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; RecQ Helicases ; Telomere/metabolism ; *Werner Syndrome/genetics/pathology/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: In Kazakhstan and elsewhere in central Asia, the bacterium Yersinia pestis circulates in natural populations of gerbils, which are the source of human cases of bubonic plague. Our analysis of field data collected between 1955 and 1996 shows that plague invades, fades out, and reinvades in response to fluctuations in the abundance of its main reservoir host, the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus). This is a rare empirical example of the two types of abundance thresholds for infectious disease-invasion and persistence- operating in a single wildlife population. We parameterized predictive models that should reduce the costs of plague surveillance in central Asia and thereby encourage its continuance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, Stephen -- Begon, Mike -- De Bruyn, Luc -- Ageyev, Vladimir S -- Klassovskiy, Nikolay L -- Pole, Sergey B -- Viljugrein, Hildegunn -- Stenseth, Nils Chr -- Leirs, Herwig -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):736-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory, Skovbrynet 14, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild/microbiology ; *Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; *Disease Reservoirs ; *Gerbillinae/microbiology ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/microbiology ; Kazakhstan/epidemiology ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Statistical ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Plague/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission/*veterinary ; Population Density ; Population Surveillance ; Rodent Diseases/*epidemiology ; Siphonaptera/microbiology ; Yersinia pestis/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: Diatoms are unicellular algae with plastids acquired by secondary endosymbiosis. They are responsible for approximately 20% of global carbon fixation. We report the 34 million-base pair draft nuclear genome of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and its 129 thousand-base pair plastid and 44 thousand-base pair mitochondrial genomes. Sequence and optical restriction mapping revealed 24 diploid nuclear chromosomes. We identified novel genes for silicic acid transport and formation of silica-based cell walls, high-affinity iron uptake, biosynthetic enzymes for several types of polyunsaturated fatty acids, use of a range of nitrogenous compounds, and a complete urea cycle, all attributes that allow diatoms to prosper in aquatic environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armbrust, E Virginia -- Berges, John A -- Bowler, Chris -- Green, Beverley R -- Martinez, Diego -- Putnam, Nicholas H -- Zhou, Shiguo -- Allen, Andrew E -- Apt, Kirk E -- Bechner, Michael -- Brzezinski, Mark A -- Chaal, Balbir K -- Chiovitti, Anthony -- Davis, Aubrey K -- Demarest, Mark S -- Detter, J Chris -- Glavina, Tijana -- Goodstein, David -- Hadi, Masood Z -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Hildebrand, Mark -- Jenkins, Bethany D -- Jurka, Jerzy -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Kroger, Nils -- Lau, Winnie W Y -- Lane, Todd W -- Larimer, Frank W -- Lippmeier, J Casey -- Lucas, Susan -- Medina, Monica -- Montsant, Anton -- Obornik, Miroslav -- Parker, Micaela Schnitzler -- Palenik, Brian -- Pazour, Gregory J -- Richardson, Paul M -- Rynearson, Tatiana A -- Saito, Mak A -- Schwartz, David C -- Thamatrakoln, Kimberlee -- Valentin, Klaus -- Vardi, Assaf -- Wilkerson, Frances P -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):79-86.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. armbrust@ocean.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Algal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Chromosomes ; DNA/genetics ; Diatoms/chemistry/cytology/*genetics/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; *Genome ; Iron/metabolism ; Light ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plastids/genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Silicic Acid/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Urea/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Dietary cholesterol consumption and intestinal cholesterol absorption contribute to plasma cholesterol levels, a risk factor for coronary heart disease. The molecular mechanism of sterol uptake from the lumen of the small intestine is poorly defined. We show that Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1(NPC1L1) protein plays a critical role in the absorption of intestinal cholesterol. NPC1L1 expression is enriched in the small intestine and is in the brush border membrane of enterocytes. Although otherwise phenotypically normal, NPC1L1-deficient mice exhibit a substantial reduction in absorbed cholesterol, which is unaffected by dietary supplementation of bile acids. Ezetimibe, a drug that inhibits cholesterol absorption, had no effect in NPC1L1 knockout mice, suggesting that NPC1L1 resides in an ezetimibe-sensitive pathway responsible for intestinal cholesterol absorption.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altmann, Scott W -- Davis, Harry R Jr -- Zhu, Li-Ji -- Yao, Xiaorui -- Hoos, Lizbeth M -- Tetzloff, Glen -- Iyer, Sai Prasad N -- Maguire, Maureen -- Golovko, Andrei -- Zeng, Ming -- Wang, Luquan -- Murgolo, Nicholas -- Graziano, Michael P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1201-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cardiovascular/Endocrine Research, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033-0539, USA. scott.altmann@spcorp.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology ; Azetidines/pharmacology ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Cholesterol, Dietary/*metabolism ; Cholic Acid/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Computational Biology ; Enterocytes/*metabolism ; Ezetimibe ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption/drug effects ; Intestine, Small/metabolism ; Jejunum/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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