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  • 1
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Derivatization reaction ; Factorial design ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of nucleophiles have been successfully identified and quantified using the Kröhnke reaction with 2,3-diphenyl derivatives of quinolizinium salts. Optimization of the reaction conditions by means of a mathematical model involving analysis of the response surface has led to a better understanding of the factors exerting an influence on the above reaction.The parameters chosen were temperature, reaction time, base concentration, water concentration and nucleophile concentration. The reaction was developed in polar aprotic solvents (acetone, acetonitrile). To facilitate the nucleophilic attack, the presence of an organic base (triethylamine) was necessary, although concentrations in excess of 0·15M did not alter the development of the reaction. Since pharmaceutical solutions are often aqueous, the influence of water on the reaction was studied. Low water volumes have no significant influence on the opening of the quinolizinium ring by the nucleophilic reagent. However, when the water proportion exceeded that of the organic solvent, the fluorescence intensity was lower than expected. Development of the fluorescent reaction product was first detected 5 min after the reaction started. The fluorescence intensity reached its optimum value after 138 min.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Magnetic non-equivalence of methylenic protons in A—CH2—CH3 groups were studied for several types of compounds. Results are compared with respect (1) to the nature of heteroatom A:A = O and A = S and (2) to the structure of the local dissymmetry element: asymmetric carbon, ketal group and allenic system. Influence of substitution is discussed in relation to conformational problems. Furthermore a variation of the methylene geminal coupling constant with substituents of carbon α to OEt is observed.
    Notes: La non-équivalence magnétique des protons méthyléniques de groupements A—CH2—CH3 est étudiée dans plusieurs séries de composés. Les effets sont comparés d'une part dans les séries A = O et A = S, d'autre part dans les composés présentant un carbone asymétrique, un carbone de type cétal ou une dissymétrie allénique. L'influence de la substitution sur le carbone en α de AEt est discutée en relation avec les conformations. Une variation de la constante de couplage entre les protons méthyléniques géminés en function de la nature des substituants lointains est mise en évidence.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 7 (1975), S. 2-17 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The principles of the theoretical calculations of the carbon atom screening constant are reviewed. The Independent Electron, SCF—MO and Valence Bond formulae are briefly discussed, and the relative importance of the different terms involved in an approximate decomposition of σ13C are pointed out. The variations of the excitation energy ΔE, the mean distance between the nucleus and 2p electrons, and the electronic charges and bond orders with the structure are presented. The nature of the steric effect is also explained. In a second part the various empirical correlations which make an evaluation of δ13C from structural and physical properties possible are shown. The actual substituent parameters of the main classes of compounds are listed and worked examples given to make the use of the tables easier. The correlations between δ13C and the electronic charge, electronegativity, Hammett-Taft constants, electric field effects, geometrical parameters, spectroscopic data (electronic transitions, screening of other nuclei) and pH are also discussed with a view to appraising the carbon screening.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 661-677 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Coupling constants of 35 substituted pyridines are discussed and related to the electronic properties of the substituents and to the mechanism of coupling. A calculation of J is performed using Pople and Santry's theory and mutual polarizabilities obtained by CNDO/2 or Hoffmann methods. The influence of bicentric integrals on the theoretical values of J is examined.
    Notes: Les constantes de couplages relatives à un ensemble de 35 pyridines substituées sont discutées en relation avec les propriétés électroniques des substituants et le mécanisme du couplage. Un calcul de J est réalisé, sur la base de la théorie de Pople, à l′aide des valeurs de polarisabilités mutuelles obtenues par la méthode CNDO/2 et la méthode d'Hoffmann. L'influence d′une inclusion des intégrales bicentriques est examinée.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 121-129 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: In Z—CH—CH=CH—Y compounds (Z or Y being an alkyl group) the ethylenic part of the spectra is often very complex and the 3J(H—C=C—H) coupling constant which is a good tool for determining the configuration, is not easily determined. We have studied such allylic derivatives and many configurations have been assigned through stereospecific synthesis. Except a very few cases, δ CH(Z) of the cis isomer is larger than δ CHZ of the trans isomer. In alcohols RCH=CH—CHOHR′ the stereoisomers behave differently in solutions with europium, praseodymium, holmium and dysprosium complexes. The spectra of the trans isomers remain strongly coupled but 3J(H—C=C—H) becomes easy to measure in the cis compounds.
    Notes: Dans les composés de structure Z CH—CH=CH—Y la complexité du spectre rend souvent difficile l'obtention du couplage J(H—C=C—H) et donc l'identification de la configuration. L'étude de nombreux dérivés de ce type préparés par des méthodes stéréospécifiques montre qu'à de rares exceptions près, le déplacement chimique δ CH(Z) de l'isomère cis est supérieur à δCH(Z) de l'isomére trans. Dans le cas des alcools R CH—CH CHOH R′ les isoméres configurationnels ont des comportements différents en présence de complexes d'europium ou de praseodyme, holmium et dysprosium. Si le spectre des isoméres trans reste fortement couplé en présence de complexe l'obtention de 3J(H—C=C—H) devient aisée dans les composés cis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A total analysis of the NMR spectra of 6-deoxy-L-hexopyranoses in the α-configuration and of the corresponding β-anomers was carried out. The parameters obtained are characteristic of a 1C (L) chair conformation, having the anomeric substituent in an axial orientation for the methyl α-fuco-, α-rhamno- and α-chinovopyranosides and for the α-fuco- and α-rhamnopyranosyl chlorides. The structure is also of a 1C (L) chair type for the methyl β-fuco- and β-chinovopyranosides; the geometry is the same for the β-fuco- and β-rhamnopyranosyl chlorides despite the anomeric effect of a chlorine atom. However, the NMR parameters of the β-chinovopyranosyl chloride are not explicable on the basis of a chair conformation with an equatorial chlorine or a boat structure.
    Notes: Une analyse complète des spectres RMN de désoxy-6 L-hexopyrannoses de configuration α et des anomères β correspondants est réalisée. L'ensemble des paramètres obtenus confirme l'existence d'une structure chaise 1C (L) présentant une disposition axiale du substituant anomère dans le cas des α-fuco-, α-rhamno- et α-chinovopyrannosides de méthyle et des chlorures de α-fuco- et α-rhamnopyrannosyle. La structure reste de type chaise 1C (L) dans le cas des β-fuco- et β-chinovopyrannosides de méthyle. Il en est de même en dépit de I'effect anomère dû à I'atome de chlore, pour les chlorures de β-fuco-et β-rhamnopyrannosyle. Par contre les paramètres RMN du chlorure de β-chinovopyrannosyle ne semblent interprétables ni sur la base d'une géométrie chaise à chlore équatorial ni par une structure bateau.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 17 (1981), S. 182-185 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The selective population transfer method has been applied to the study of a secondary amide and of the corresponding iminium salt. Important signal-to-noise enhancements were accessible in both fully coupled and proton decoupled 15N and 13C spectra. Moreover, the resolving power of the method was exploited for the accurate determination of long range 15N1H coupling constants. Experiments in which the selective inversion of transitions pertaining to the 15N satellite spectrum of multiplets which themselves constitute the 13C satellite spectrum of the main proton resonances could be carried out. The influence of a change from the amide to the iminium structure on the magnitudes and the signs of various 15N1H and 15N13C coupling constants is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 6 (1974), S. 648-653 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Proton and carbon magnetic resonance spectra of mono-and disubstituted selenophenes are investigated. The proton chemical shifts are discussed in terms of magnetic anisotropy and electric field effects of the substituents, with a view to studying the conformational equilibrium of the carbonyl group. π Electronic charges, computed by the PPP method, are correlated with the proton and carbon chemical shifts. The coupling constants between 13C and 1H (1, 2 or 3 bonds) and 13C—77Se are shown to be good structural parameters and a set of substituent additivity constants is calculated.
    Notes: Une série de sélénophènes mono- et bisubstitués est étudiée en résonance de 1H et 13C. Les déplacements chimiques protoniques sont analysés en termes d'effets d'anisotropie et de champ électrique des substituants et utilisés à une discussion des équilibres conformationnels. Les relations entre δ1H et δ13C et les charges π calculées par la méthode PPP sont examinées. Les couplages 1J(13C—H), nJ(13C ∼ H) et 1J(13C—77Se) se révèlent de bonnes caractéristiques structurales et des relations d'additivité sont dégagées pour δ13C.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 7 (1975), S. 315-319 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: In order to define the influence of an allenic type conjugation, the NMR spectra of vinylallene and of some of its methyl derivatives are analysed The signs of the coupling constants are also determined. These compounds are characterised by a planar s-trans structure of the two noncumulated double bonds. A discussion of the parameters, and especially of the methyl replacement effects, evidences the importance of the π type contributions. The theoretical calculations of the coupling constants by the methods of finite perturbation CNDO and INDO corroborate this interpretation.
    Notes: Afin de préciser l'influence d'une conjugaison de type allénique les spectres RMN du vinylallène et de plusieurs de ses dérivés méthylés ont été analysés et les signes des constantes de couplage ont été déterminés. Ces composés présentent une structure s-trans plane des deux doubles liaisons non cumulées. Une discussion des paramètres et no amment de l'influence des substitutions méthylées fait ressortir une forte prédominance des contributions de type π. Cette interprétation est corroborée par les calculs théoriques des constantes de couplages, effectués par la méthode de perturbations finies CNDO et INDO.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The nuclear magnetic resonance parameters of 1,3 alkoxy-butadienes are strongly dependent on the cis or trans configuration of the ethylenic systems. A discussion of the different types of coupling constants and of the additivity of substituent effects on the chemical shift is proposed. The results are applied to the identification of isomers and to the study of the electronic and stereochemical structure of each configuration. The conformational equilibrium about the C—C and C—O bonds is discussed with special reference to the aromatic solvent and temperature effects.
    Notes: Les paramètres RMN d'alcoxybutadiènes 1,3 dépendent fortement de la configuration cis ou trans du motif éthylénique. Une discussion des différents types de constantes de couplage et des effets d'additivité de substituants sur les déplacements chimiques tente de dégager les facteurs électroniques ou stéréochimiques influencés par un changement de configuration. L'équilibre conformationnel au niveau des liaisons C—C et C—O est discuté en faisant appel notamment aux effets de solvant aromatique et de température.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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