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A comprehensive approach to drought and desertification in Northern Nigeria (1993)

Oladipo, E. O.

Springer

Natural hazards 8 (1993), S. 235-261

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ISSN: 1573-0840

Keywords: Drought ; desertification ; northern Nigeria ; drought and desertification planning policy

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Drought has been a recurring feature of the arid and semi-arid areas of Nigeria. This paper reviews the extent, severity, and consequences of drought and desertification in Nigeria with particular emphasis on the northern part of the country. The haphazard manner in which these environmental hazards have been tackled is examined and a systematic approach for the formulation of a national policy is proposed. It is recommended that a detailed formulation and implementation of the proposed policy plan is imperative to mitigate the often devastating impacts of drought and desertification in the very prone areas of Nigeria. Until such is done, some areas of Nigeria will always be vulnerable to the whims of an inevitable climatic hazard of drought and associated land degradation in the form of desertification.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690910

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Plasma desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometric elucidation of the mechanisms of adhesion enhancement between plasma-treated PEEK-carbon composite and an epoxyamine adhesive (1995)

Nsouli, B. ; Allali, H. ; Debre, O. ; [et al.]

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 1566-1571

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ISSN: 0951-4198

Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Physics

Notes: Plasma desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PD-TOFMS) using accelerated argon ions (9 MeV) has been successfully used for characterizing the surface modifications induced at the surface of poly(ether etherketone) (PEEK) by cold plasma treatments. While the intact polymer structure leads to the emission of negative ions from fragmentation of the repeat unit, the degradation of such a structure under plasma exposure gives rise to production of oxidized fragments. It is demonstrated that this production is highest for a plasma using a mixture of O2 and N2 (20:80), and that as a function of treatment duration, the rate of oxidation of the modified surface layer correlates with adhesive strength, at least in a first step. PD-TOFMS is used for analysis of the failure patterns of epoxyamine adhesive/PEEK/carbon composite in order to localize the fracture position. It is concluded that the increase of the cohesion of the interphase layer as a function of the plasma treatment duration leads to a shift from the interphase/PEEK interface to the bulk of the matrial.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.