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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 147 (1980), S. 451-456 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Auxin ; Fruit-set ; Gibberellin ; Parthenocarpy ; Pisum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The development of parthenocarpic fruits of Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska was induced by the application of different plant-growth regulators in aqueous solution to the emasculated ovaries in untopped plants. At least one compound in each of the groups of auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), cytokinins (benzyladenine), and gibberellins (gibberellic acid) was found active. Gibberellic acid (GA3), however, was the only substance which produced pods similar to those of fruits with seeds. The length of the pods obtained by GA3 was a linear function of the logarithm of the concentration of GA3 in the solution. The effect of GA3 (at a concentration which produced 50% of the maximum pod length) was enhanced by a simultaneous application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Abscisic acid (ABA) counteracted the effect of GA3 and of topping. The results suggest that gibberellins and ABA may exert a major regulatory control in natural fruit-set. Peas can be used for the assay of fructigenic activity and is an advantageous material for the study of the mode of action of gibberellins on fruit-set.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 147 (1980), S. 444-450 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Auxin ; Cytokinin ; Decapitation ; Fruit-set ; Gibberellin ; Parthenocarpy ; Pisum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of removing the apical shoot and different leaves above and below the flower on the fruit-set of unpollinated pea ovaries (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) has been studied. Unpollinated ovaries were induced to set and develop either by topping or by removing certain developing leaves of the shoot. Topping had a maximum effect when carried out before or on the day of anthesis, and up to four consecutive ovaries were induced to set in the same plant. The inhibition of fruit-set was due to the developing leaves and not to the apex. The third leaf above the first flower, which had a simultaneous development to the ovary, had the stronger inhibitory effect on parthenocarpic fruit-set. The application of different plant-growth regulators (indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellic acid, benzyladenine and abscisic acid) did not mimic the negative effect of the shoot.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 2 (1984), S. 209-216 
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Auxin ; cowpea ; elongation ; ethylene ; gibberellin ; Vigna sinensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of gibberellin A1 (GA1) on production of ethylene by cowpea (Vigna sinensis cv Blackeye pea no. 5) epicotyl explants and its relationship to epicotyl elongation was investigated. The explants were placed upright in water and incubated in sealed culture tubes or in large jars. GA, and IAA in ethanol solution were injected into the subapical tissues of the decapitated epicotyls. Cowpea epicotyl explants elongated after GA but not after IAA treatment, and they were very sensitive to exogenous ethylene. As little as 0.14 μ1/1 ethylene reduced significantly GA1-induced epicotyl elongation. Treatment with GA1 induced the production of ethylene which began 10 h after GA application, showed a peak at about 22 h and then declined. The yield of ethylene was proportional to the amount of GA, injected. The inhibition of epicotyl elongation in closed tubes was avoided by absorbing ethylene released with Hg(Cl04)2 , or by adding AVG to the incubation solution to inhibit ethylene production. Treatment with IAA elicited a rapid production of ethylene which ceased about 10 h after application. The effects of IAA and GA1 on ethylene production were additive.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 28 (1990), S. 299-304 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 13C NMR ; Quipazines Substituted quinolines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complete assignment of the 13C NMR spectra of a series of biologically active quipazines substituted at position C-5, C-6 or C-7 of the quinoline moiety provides evidence for a strong conjugation between the π-electron cloud of the pyridine ring and the nitrogen lone pair of the piperazinyl residue. The SCS values of these quipazines are compared with those of the analogous quinolines, and their deviations are discussed in terms of conjugation effects.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 28 (1990), S. 311-314 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 13C NMR ; Substituent chemical shift values ; π bond orders ; Methoxy-substituted aromatic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The substituent chemical shift values induced by the methoxy group at the two ortho positions of aromatic compounds which include naphthalenes, quinolines, indoles, coumarins, flavones and benzofurans were linearly correlated with π-bond orders, affording the equation Δδortho(13C) = -98.68Pπ + 50.38 (correlation coefficient = 0.929; root mean square error = 1.95 ppm) when 40 pairs of values are considered. Elimination of six points corresponding to ring-junction quaternary carbons improves the correlation coefficient to 0.961 (root mean square error = 1.4 ppm) for the equation Δδortho(13C) = -126.85Pπ + 69.66.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 13C NMR ; Chlorine isotope effect ; 13C chemical shifts ; para-Substituted chlorobenzenes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: One-bond isotope shifts of 35Cl/37Cl natural abundance chlorine isotopomers were measured in the 75.4 MHz 13C NMR spectra of a series of para-substituted chlorobenzenes. The high-field isotope shift effect 1Δ13C(37Cl) was established from the relationship between the chlorine isotopomeric ratio and the carbon peak intensities. It was found that the 1Δ13C(37Cl) values are in the range of -4.0 to -5.2 ppb. The isotope shifts tend to decrease as the electron-attracting character of the substituent increases, providing a linear correlation between the isotope shift and the chemical shift of the chlorine-bearing carbon.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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