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  • Analyse von Spurenelementen in Biolog. Material  (1)
  • atomic spectrometry  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 101 (1990), S. 173-188 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: ceramics ; atomic spectrometry ; inorganic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The analytical characterization required in the development and in the quality control of new ceramics is discussed. For the basic substances, the problems encountered in the development of routine techniques for a direct and reliable analysis of Al2O3, AlN, Si3N4, SiC, and ZrO2 powders are reported. Among the atomic spectrometric methods, especially slurry atomization ICP-spectrometry is described. Also the problems encountered in the development of combined procedures as required for the characterization of reference samples are presented. Methods for the direct bulk analysis of ceramics and microdistributional analysis, as they are now under development with laser-based techniques and various probe techniques, are described as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 283 (1977), S. 257-267 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Spurenelementen in Biolog. Material
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Erkenntnis, daß zahlreiche Spurenelemente biologische Vorgänge stimulieren oder hemmen können, setzt heute zum genauen Studium dieser komplexen Wechselwirkungen immer nachweisstärkere und zuverlässigere Analysenverfahren für die Elemente in ihren verschiedenen Bindungsformen voraus. Diese analytischen Aufgaben werden am Beispiel der Elemente Selen und Quecksilber demonstriert, ebenso die derzeitigen methodischen Grenzen der Spurenanalyse. Die größten Probleme bereiten systematische Fehler der Methoden, die nicht leicht aufzuspüren sind und um so schwerwiegender die analytischen Aussagen belasten, je kleiner die zu bestimmenden absoluten Mengen der Elemente sind. Am Beispiel des Quecksilbers wird der recht mühsame Weg zu zuverlässigen Daten auch in sehr niedrigen Konzentrationsbereichen beschrieben und eine neuentwickelte emissionsspektrometrische Bestimmungsmethode für ng- und pg-Mengen von Hg in anorganischen und organischen Matrices nach Aufschluß mit im Mikrowellenfeld angeregtem Sauerstoff vorgestellt. Weiterhin werden Möglichkeiten zum zuverlässigen Aufschluß von organischen Matrices mit Säuren und reinem Sauerstoff zur Bestimmung umweltrelevanter Elementspuren ebenso wie aktuelle methodische Entwicklungen unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Multielementbestimmung diskutiert. Der Trend der Bestimmungsmethoden weist in Richtung Röntgenfluorescenzanalyse nach chemischer Anreicherung der Elementspuren bzw. Lösungsemissionsspektrometrie mit HF- bzw. Mikrowellenanregung.
    Notes: Abstract It is known, that numerous trace elements can catalyse or inhibit biological processes. Precice studies of their complex interactions require ever lower detection limits and greater reliability in the analytical procedures for the elements bonded in various forms. These analytical problems and current limitations of the trace analytical techniques can be demonstrated by the example of the elements selenium and mercury. The greatest problems lie in the systematic errors inherent in the methods, which are not easily eliminated and increase the difficulty of the analytical measurement as the absolute amount of the element to be determined is decreased. In the mercury example, the highly troublesome way to obtain reliable results also in the very low concentration range is described and a recent developed emission spectrometric method for ng and pg amounts of Hg in a microwave field with excited oxygen is proposed. Further possibilities for the dependable decomposition of organic matrices with acids and pure oxygen for the determination of environmentally relevant trace elements and current developments from the view point of multielement determinations are discussed. The trend of determination methods points in the direction of X-ray fluorescence analysis after chemical enrichment of the trace elements or solution emission spectrometry with HF or microwave excitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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