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  • Analyse von Spurenelementen in Biolog. Material  (1)
  • Species analysis  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 283 (1977), S. 257-267 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Spurenelementen in Biolog. Material
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Erkenntnis, daß zahlreiche Spurenelemente biologische Vorgänge stimulieren oder hemmen können, setzt heute zum genauen Studium dieser komplexen Wechselwirkungen immer nachweisstärkere und zuverlässigere Analysenverfahren für die Elemente in ihren verschiedenen Bindungsformen voraus. Diese analytischen Aufgaben werden am Beispiel der Elemente Selen und Quecksilber demonstriert, ebenso die derzeitigen methodischen Grenzen der Spurenanalyse. Die größten Probleme bereiten systematische Fehler der Methoden, die nicht leicht aufzuspüren sind und um so schwerwiegender die analytischen Aussagen belasten, je kleiner die zu bestimmenden absoluten Mengen der Elemente sind. Am Beispiel des Quecksilbers wird der recht mühsame Weg zu zuverlässigen Daten auch in sehr niedrigen Konzentrationsbereichen beschrieben und eine neuentwickelte emissionsspektrometrische Bestimmungsmethode für ng- und pg-Mengen von Hg in anorganischen und organischen Matrices nach Aufschluß mit im Mikrowellenfeld angeregtem Sauerstoff vorgestellt. Weiterhin werden Möglichkeiten zum zuverlässigen Aufschluß von organischen Matrices mit Säuren und reinem Sauerstoff zur Bestimmung umweltrelevanter Elementspuren ebenso wie aktuelle methodische Entwicklungen unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Multielementbestimmung diskutiert. Der Trend der Bestimmungsmethoden weist in Richtung Röntgenfluorescenzanalyse nach chemischer Anreicherung der Elementspuren bzw. Lösungsemissionsspektrometrie mit HF- bzw. Mikrowellenanregung.
    Notes: Abstract It is known, that numerous trace elements can catalyse or inhibit biological processes. Precice studies of their complex interactions require ever lower detection limits and greater reliability in the analytical procedures for the elements bonded in various forms. These analytical problems and current limitations of the trace analytical techniques can be demonstrated by the example of the elements selenium and mercury. The greatest problems lie in the systematic errors inherent in the methods, which are not easily eliminated and increase the difficulty of the analytical measurement as the absolute amount of the element to be determined is decreased. In the mercury example, the highly troublesome way to obtain reliable results also in the very low concentration range is described and a recent developed emission spectrometric method for ng and pg amounts of Hg in a microwave field with excited oxygen is proposed. Further possibilities for the dependable decomposition of organic matrices with acids and pure oxygen for the determination of environmentally relevant trace elements and current developments from the view point of multielement determinations are discussed. The trend of determination methods points in the direction of X-ray fluorescence analysis after chemical enrichment of the trace elements or solution emission spectrometry with HF or microwave excitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 800-803 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Gel permeation chromatography ; Isotachophoresis ; Plant materials ; Species analysis ; Platinum ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Model experiments for the detection of platinum species in extracts from native and platinum-treated grass cultivations are described. The procedural steps are cultivation of the grass samples, extraction and concentration of the platinum species by ultrafiltration and freeze-drying, preparative separation of the species by gel chromatography followed by isotachophoresis, and sequential analytical detection of the separated platinum species by adsorptive voltammetry. After isotachophoresis, sharp peaks of platinum species could be detected. In the native grass extract only one platinum species (160-200 kDa) was found. In the platinum-treated grass extracts several platinum species were observed in the molecular mass range from 1 to 〉 1000 kDa. By an extremely sensitive platinum determination method (adsorptive voltammetry; detection limit, 2 pg Pt abs.) it was possible to detect platinum even in stained protein bands from horizontal gel electrophoresis of platinum containing fractions obtained after isotachophoresis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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