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  • Adult  (42)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (42)
  • 1980-1984  (42)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (42)
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  • 1
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    Regulation of leucine metabolism in man: a stable isotope study (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: Leucine catabolism is regulated by either of the first two degradative steps: (reversible) transamination to the keto acid or subsequent decarboxylation. A method is described to measure rates of leucine transamination, reamination, and keto acid oxidation. The method is applied directly to humans by infusing the nonradioactive tracer, L-[15N,1-13C]leucine. Leucine transamination was found to be operating several times faster than the keto acid decarboxylation and to be of equal magnitude in adult human males under two different dietary conditions, postabsorptive and fed. These results indicate that decarboxylation, not transamination, is the rate-limiting step in normal human leucine metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matthews, D E -- Bier, D M -- Rennie, M J -- Edwards, R H -- Halliday, D -- Millward, D J -- Clugston, G A -- AM-25994/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD-10667/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR-00954/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1129-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Carbon Isotopes ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Leucine/*metabolism ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Nitrogen Isotopes ; Oxidation-Reduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Lymphadenopathy associated virus infection of a blood donor--recipient pair with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-06
    Description: A retrovirus isolated from three patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States was morphologically and antigenically identical to lymphadenopathy associated virus isolated in France. Two of these isolates were from a blood donor-recipient pair, each of whom developed AIDS. Lymphadenopathy associated virus was isolated from the blood donor's lymphocytes 12 months after his onset of AIDS symptoms and from the blood recipient's lymphocytes 1 month after her onset of AIDS symptoms. Two isolates from the blood donor-recipient pair and an isolate from an epidemiologically unrelated homosexual man were examined by competitive radioimmunoassay to determine their antigenic relatedness to each other and to other human retroviruses. The major core proteins (p25) of the isolates were antigenically identical and all three isolates were identical to prototype lymphadenopathy associated virus isolated in France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feorino, P M -- Kalyanaraman, V S -- Haverkos, H W -- Cabradilla, C D -- Warfield, D T -- Jaffe, H W -- Harrison, A K -- Gottlieb, M S -- Goldfinger, D -- Chermann, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 6;225(4657):69-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6328663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology/transmission ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; *Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion/adverse effects ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retroviridae/*immunology ; Retroviridae Infections/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Neuroleptic-induced decrease in plasma homovanillic acid and antipsychotic activity in schizophrenic patients (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: Plasma-free homovanillic acid, a major metabolite of dopamine, was measured in chronically ill schizophrenic patients both before and during treatment with the antipsychotic phenothiazine, fluphenazine. Neuroleptic treatment was associated with a significant time-dependent decrease in plasma homovanillic acid from pretreatment values, which were significantly elevated when compared with those of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Further, both the absolute concentrations as well as the neuroleptic-induced reductions in plasma homovanillic acid determined over 5 weeks of neuroleptic treatment were statistically significantly correlated with ratings of psychosis and improvement in psychosis, respectively. These findings suggest that the delayed effects of neuroleptic agents on presynaptic dopamine activity may more closely parallel their therapeutic actions than do their immediate effects in blocking postsynaptic dopamine receptors and that a decrease in dopamine "turnover" may be responsible for their antipsychotic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickar, D -- Labarca, R -- Linnoila, M -- Roy, A -- Hommer, D -- Everett, D -- Paul, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):954-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Female ; Fluphenazine/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Homovanillic Acid/*blood ; Humans ; Male ; Phenylacetates/*blood ; Schizophrenia/blood/*drug therapy ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Sex and handedness differences in cerebral blood flow during rest and cognitive activity (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-13
    Description: Cognitive activity resulted in increased flow of blood to the cerebral hemispheres. The increase was greater to the left hemisphere for a verbal task and greater to the right hemisphere for a spatial task. The direction and degree of hemispheric flow asymmetry were influenced by sex and handedness, females having a higher rate of blood flow per unit weight of brain, and females and left-handers having a greater percentage of fast-clearing tissue, presumably gray matter.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gur, R C -- Gur, R E -- Obrist, W D -- Hungerbuhler, J P -- Younkin, D -- Rosen, A D -- Skolnick, B E -- Reivich, M -- MH 30456/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-10939-09/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 13;217(4560):659-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/metabolism/*physiology ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ; *Cognition ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Rest ; *Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Cognitive interaction after staged callosal section: evidence for transfer of semantic activation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Sensory and cognitive functions were assessed in a right-handed male before and after partial and complete callosal commissurotomy. After the initial posterior section was made, there was no evidence of interhemispheric sensory transfer, although the left hemisphere did have access to stimulus-related semantic and episodic information from the right hemisphere. After the callosum was completely sectioned, this exchange was no longer observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidtis, J J -- Volpe, B T -- Holtzman, J D -- Wilson, D H -- Gazzaniga, M S -- 2 R01 NS15053-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR001-02/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):344-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6782673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cognition/*physiology ; Cognition Disorders/*physiopathology ; Corpus Callosum/*physiology/surgery ; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/surgery ; Humans ; Language Disorders/*physiopathology ; Male ; Methods ; Perception/physiology ; Perceptual Disorders/*physiopathology ; Postoperative Complications/physiopathology ; Sensation/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and homovanillic acid in spinal fluid of schizophrenics with brain atrophy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Schizophrenic patients with high ventricle brain ratios and cortical brain atrophy, as shown by computerized tomography, had decreased spinal fluid concentrations of homovanillic acid and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity. These decreased cerebral spinal fluid concentrations in patients with brain atrophy support the proposal of disturbed noradrenaline and dopamine neurotransmission in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Kammen, D P -- Mann, L S -- Sternberg, D E -- Scheinin, M -- Ninan, P T -- Marder, S R -- van Kammen, W B -- Rieder, R O -- Linnoila, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):974-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6133351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects ; Atrophy ; Brain/metabolism/*pathology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Homovanillic Acid/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Phenylacetates/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Rats ; Schizophrenia/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    HTLV-III in the semen and blood of a healthy homosexual man (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) is the probable etiologic agent for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HTLV-III was isolated from semen and blood of a healthy homosexual man whose serum contains antibodies to HTLV-III. The finding of virus in semen supports epidemiologic data that suggest that AIDS can be transmitted sexually. In addition, the demonstration of HTLV-III in the blood and semen of a healthy individual establishes an asymptomatic, virus-positive carrier state which may be important in the dissemination of HTLV-III and, consequently, AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ho, D D -- Schooley, R T -- Rota, T R -- Kaplan, J C -- Flynn, T -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Gonda, M A -- Hirsch, M S -- CA 12464/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 35020/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 37461/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6208608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Blood/*microbiology ; Carrier State ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/*isolation & purification ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/analysis ; Semen/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Transfusion-associated AIDS: serologic evidence of human T-cell leukemia virus infection of donors (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-23
    Description: An assay for antibodies to membrane antigens of cells infected by human T-cell leukemia virus was used to examine serum from persons who donated blood to 12 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated with blood transfusions. The occurrence of positive results in the assay was significantly greater among donors to the AIDS patients (9 of 117; 7.7 percent) than among random donors (1 of 298; 0.3 percent). Of 12 sets of donors examined, 9 sets included a donor whose serum gave positive results for the presence of the antibodies. In six of these nine sets, the seropositive donor was an individual who was also identified as a possible source of AIDS transmission when epidemiologic and immunologic criteria were used.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaffe, H W -- Francis, D P -- McLane, M F -- Cabradilla, C -- Curran, J W -- Kilbourne, B W -- Lawrence, D N -- Haverkos, H W -- Spira, T J -- Dodd, R Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 23;223(4642):1309-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6322301" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*etiology/immunology/transmission ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; Antigens, Surface/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; *Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion/*adverse effects ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Female ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retroviridae/*immunology ; Retroviridae Infections/*epidemiology ; Risk
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Blood pressure and nutrient intake in the United States (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-29
    Description: A data base of the National Center for Health Statistics, Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (HANES I), was used to perform a computer-assisted, comprehensive analysis of the relation of 17 nutrients to the blood pressure profile of adult Americans. Subjects were 10,372 individuals, 18 to 74 years of age, who denied a history of hypertension and intentional modification of their diet. Significant decreases in the consumption of calcium, potassium, vitamin A, and vitamin C were identified as the nutritional factors that distinguished hypertensive from normotensive subjects. Lower calcium intake was the most consistent factor in hypertensive individuals. Across the population, higher intakes of calcium, potassium, and sodium were associated with lower mean systolic blood pressure and lower absolute risk of hypertension. Increments of dietary calcium were also negatively correlated with body mass. Even though these correlations cannot be accepted as proof of causation, they have implications for future studies of the association of nutritional factors and dietary patterns with hypertension in America.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCarron, D A -- Morris, C D -- Henry, H J -- Stanton, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 29;224(4656):1392-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Ascorbic Acid/metabolism ; *Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; Continental Population Groups ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.) ; Nutrition Surveys ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Obesity/metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Sex Factors ; Sodium/metabolism ; United States ; Vitamin A/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Schizophrenia: elevated cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-18
    Description: Concentrations of norepinephrine in cerebrospinal fluid are higher in schizophrenic patients, particularly in those with paranoid features, than in normal volunteer subjects of the same age. This observation supports recent reports of elevated concentrations of norepinephrine in specific brain areas adjacent to the cerebral ventricles of paranoid schizophrenic patients. Overflow of the amine from periventricular regions into the cerebrospinal fluid may reflect abnormally high release or diminished enzymatic destruction of norepinephrine in patients with schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lake, C R -- Sternberg, D E -- van Kammen, D P -- Ballenger, J C -- Ziegler, M G -- Post, R M -- Kopin, I J -- Bunney, W E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 18;207(4428):331-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Brain/metabolism ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Norepinephrine/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Phenethylamines/metabolism ; Schizophrenia/*cerebrospinal fluid/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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