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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1991), S. 299-303 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Photorefraction ; Accommodation ; Tytonidae ; Near vision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an examination of the focusing abilities of 15 species of owls, the North American barn owl, Tyto alba pratincola (Bonaparte 1838), was an outstanding accommodator, having a range of accommodation exceeding 10 diopters (Murphy and Howland 1983). Using comparable methods, we examined the accommodation of 4 specimens of the Australian barn owl, Tyto alba delicatula (Gould 1837). We failed to elicit accommodation greater than two diopters, and most stimuli failed to evoke any discernable accommodation at all. Furthermore, examination of other Australian tytonid owls, the grass owl, T. longimembris, the sooty owl, T. tenebricosa, and both the mainland and Tasmanian subspecies of the masked owl, T. novaehollandiae novaehollandiae and T. novaehollandiae castanops, also failed to reveal anything but very moderate accommodative ranges. We conclude that the outstanding accommodative ability of the American barn owl is truly an exception to the modest accommodative abilities of the tytonid owls generally.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 170 (1992), S. 263-266 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Tuatara ; Sphenodon punctatus ; Accommodation ; Photorefraction ; Corneal curvature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Photorefraction and photokeratometry were performed on two juvenile tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus, 7 years of age, total length approx. 27 cm). Sphenodon is the only surviving genus of the Rhynchocephalia, an order of reptiles. Both existing species are endangered and are found only in New Zealand. Even though Walls (1942) has stated that the ciliary muscle is relatively weak in tuataras, we observed 8 D of accommodation. The eyes were found to focus independently and we could induce an anisometropia of 6 D. The average corneal power of the tuatara was found to be 101 D.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 170 (1992), S. 687-689 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Brown kiwi ; Apteryx australis ; Accommodation ; Photorefraction ; Corneal curvature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Brown kiwis are an endangered species of nocturnal, flightless birds which are native to New Zealand. The resting focus of two specimens has previously been studied by retinoscopy in a zoo while the birds were restrained by their keeper (Sivak and Howland 1987). Those birds appeared to be hyperopic (farsighted) by 2–7 D. In this study, examination with infrared photorefraction of the focusing of two unrestrained, feeding birds showed that they could focus objects at infinity and objects in their immediate environment and that they had modest powers of accommodation. Measurements on two 6 month old kiwi chicks showed their corneal radius of curvature to be between 2.90 and 3.00 mm (117 D and 101 D in power).
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 4 (1975), S. 85-89 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The zinc concentration in an epitaxial layer of InSb was measured by proton excited X-rays. For the determination of zinc concentration, the X-ray yield was compared to that from known zinc concentrations. As layer thickness, stopping power and X-ray absorption must be taken into account, a general mathematical evaluation was developed. In an appendix, the derived equations are shown to allow a layer thickness determination. The calculated values agree quite well with the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 441 (1978), S. 125-164 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Formation of Organosilicon Compounds. 72. The Reactivity of Carbosilanes and their C-Chlorinated Derivatives in Reactions with CH3MgCl and LiCH3Reactions of (H3Si—CH2)2SiH2 1, (H2Si—CH2)3 2, (H3Si)2CCl2 3, (H3Si)2CHCl 4, H3Si—CCl2—SiH2-CH2-SiH3 5, and (H3Si—CCl2)2SiH2 6 as well as H3SiCH2Cl, H3SiCHCl2, and H3SiCCl3 with meMgCl and Lime (me = CH3) respectively are reported. In 1 and 2 by using tetrahydrofurane (THF) as a solvent, methylation to a higher degree is possible. The C-chlorination increases the activation of the Si—H group. Reactions of the C-chlorinated compounds result in Si—H substitution (maintaining of molecular frame), in cleavage and enlargement of the molecular frame and in transformation of CCl2 group into CHCl and CH2 groups respectively. Reactions with meMgCl in THF and with Lime in diethylether (Et2O) favour the cleavage of the molecular and the hydrogenation of the CCl2 group. The methylation of compound 5 occures on the Si—H groups neighbouring the CCl2 groups. The reactivity of these Si—H groups is decreased by increasing methylation. Reacting compound 6 with meMgCl in Et2O cleavage reations dominate. However, using cyclohexane as a solvent this cleavage reaction recedes in favour of the formation of 1,3,5-trisilapentane, containing a CCl2 group and a CHCl or a CH2 group. Thereby however, the methylation of only two SiH groups is observed. The 1H-, 29Si-, and 13C-n.m.r. data allow an assessment of progressing SiH-methylation within the homologous series.
    Notes: Es wird über Umsetzungen von (H3Si—CH2)2SiH2 1, (H2Si—CH2)3 2, (H3Si)2CCl2 3, (H3Si)2CHCl 4, H3Si—CCl2—SiH2—CH2-SiH3 5 und (H3Si—CCl2)2SiH2SiH2 6 sowie von H3Si—CH2Cl, H3Si—CHCl2, H3Si—CCl3 mit meMgCl bzw. Lime (me = CH3) berichtet. In 1 und 2 werden durch Verwendung von Tetrahydrofuran (THF) als Lösungsmittel höhere Methylierungsstufen ermöglicht. Die C-Chlorierung bewirkt eine Aktivierung der Si—H-Gruppe. Die C-chlorierten Verbindungen reagieren unter Si—H Substitution (Erhalt des Molekülgerüstes), unter Spaltungen und Vergrößerungen des Molekügerüstes und unter Hydrierung der CCl2-Gruppe zu der CHCl- bzw. CH2-Gruppe. Bei Umsetzungen mit meMgCl in THF oder mit Lime in Diäthyläther (Et2O) werden Reaktionen begünstigt, die unter Molekülspaltung und CCl2-Hydrierung ablaufen. In 5 beginnt die Methylierung an den der CCl2-Gruppe benachbarten SiH-Gruppen, deren Reaktionsfähigkeit mit steigendem Methylierungsgrad sinkt. Bei 6 bestimmen die Si—C-Spaltungen den Reaktionsablauf (Umsetzung mit meMgCl in Et2O), der aber durch Verwendung von Cyclohexan als Lösungsmittel zurückgedrängt wird zugunsten der Bildung von 1,3,5-Trisilapentanen mit einer CCl2- und einer CHCl- oder CH2-Gruppe, wobei aber nur maximal die Methylierung von zwei SiH-Gruppen erreicht wird. Die 1H-, 29Si- und 13C-NMR-Daten erlauben eine Abschätzung des Verlaufs der SiH-Methylierung innerhalb der homologen Reihen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 55 (1942), S. 145-145 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 3 (1972), S. 263-264 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A simple Method for the Detection of soluble Auxiliary Agents containing Dimethylsilicone. Rapid detection of soluble dimethyl silicone compounds, occurring as residues of auxiliary agents or finishes on the surface of hardware, which in special cases may cause hazardous effects, can be achieved by a simple test. Since silicone compounds decrease the surface tension of trichloro-ethylene (TRI), shaking of such solutions produces foam. The stability of the foam depends on the silicone concentration from 10 μg silicone per ml TRI (detection limit) up to about 100 mg/ml TRI (saturation).
    Notes: Zum schnellen Nachweis löslicher Dimethylsilikonverbindungen, die auf Oberflächen von Bauteilen z. B. als Reste von Verarbeitungshilfsmitteln oder als Bestandteile von Lacken in bestimmten Fällen Ursache unerwünschter Effekte sein können, hat sich ein sog. „TRI-Schütteltest“ bewährt. Silikonverbindungen setzen die Oberflächenspannung von Trichloräthylen (TRI) herab, so daß beim Schütteln Schaum entsteht. Die Beständigkeit des Schaumes ist ein Maß für den Silikongehalt der Lösung zwischen 10 μg Silikon/ml TRI (Nachweisgrenze) und etwa 100 mg/ml TRI (Sättigung).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 37 (1954), S. 1080-1093 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Anhand von Experimenten mit radioaktiv markierten Stoffen liess sich zeigen, dass die thermische para-Claisen-Umlagerung von 2,6-Diallylphenyl-allyläther zu 2,4,6-Triallylphenol uber 2,2-Diallyl-6-allyl-cyclohexadienon-(l) als Zwischenprodukt verläuft. Dabei werden zwei cyclische Zwischenzustände durchschritten, die jedesmal eine Inversion der wandernden Allylgruppe bewirken.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 38 (1955), S. 783-789 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurde mit Hilfe von radioaktiv indizierten Verbindungen gezeigt, dass die ortho-Claisen-Umlagerung von 2,4-disubstituierten Phenylallyläthern - im Gegensatz zu in 2-Stellung monosubstituierten Phenylallyläthern - einheitlich verläuft.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der thermischen Umlagerung von [2-Propenyl-4,6-dimethyl-phenyl]-allyl-[γ-14C]-äther entst and ein 2-[P-Methyl-penta-α, δ-dienyl]-4,6-dimethyl-phenol, in welchem 84% der Radioaktivität im α- und 16% im γ-C-Atom der Pentadienyl-Seitenkette lokalisiert waren. Das Resultat eines Kreuzversuches spricht dagegen, dass diese Radioaktivitätsverteilung auf Radikalreaktionen zurückzuführen ist. Die möglichen unimolekularen Mechanismen dieser Seitenkettenumlagerung von Aryl-allyläthern aerden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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