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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrinsic rate of population increase of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae on the ornamental crop gerbera: intraspecific variation in host plant and herbivore (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 89 (1998), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: integrated pest management ; genotypes ; rm ; plant breeding ; adaptation ; Acari
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eight cultivars of the ornamental crop Gerbera jamesonii Bolus (Asteraceae) were compared in host plant suitability for the two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae). This was done by determining the intrinsic rate of population increase, rm, of spider mites on leaf discs of plants from each of the cultivars. Large differences in rm values were found, ranging from 0.088/day on cultivar Bianca to 0.242/day on cultivar Sirtaki. This variation in rm was mainly caused by differences in developmental time of the spider mites. We assessed the performance of spider mites on young and old leaves of the two gerbera cultivars Bianca and Sirtaki. On Sirtaki the spider mites had a shorter developmental time and higher peak oviposition rate on young leaves than on old leaves. However, on Bianca such an effect was not found. We also determined the performance of two spider mite strains on the resistant gerbera cultivar Bianca. We compared the rm of a strain that had been reared on this cultivar for approximately half a year with the rm of a strain that was reared on bean. The rm of the strain that was reared on cultivar Bianca increased to 0.208/day, which is however still substantially lower than the rm on the susceptible cultivar Sirtaki.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003516213213
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jasmonic acid induces the production of gerbera volatiles that attract the biological control agent Phytoseiulus persimilis (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 93 (1999), S. 77-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Acari ; behaviour ; biological control ; Gerbera jamesonii ; herbivore induced synomones ; infochemicals ; indirect defence ; Phytoseiidae ; semiochemicals ; terpenoids ; Tetranychus urticae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant hormone that is involved in the induction of plant defence in response to herbivore attack. We studied the effect of exposure of gerbera leaves to JA on indirect plant defence, i.e. attraction of natural enemies of herbivores. Treatment of gerbera leaves with JA or feeding damage by the herbivorous spider mite Tetranychus urticae, both induced the production of a complex odour blend that attracts the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. This phytoseiid predator is a very effective biological control agent of the spider mite T. urticae. Comparison of headspace composition of gerbera leaves exposed to either JA or T. urticae revealed a large degree of resemblance, but some quantitative and qualitative differences were recorded. The major chemical group in both treatments is formed by the terpenoids which quantitatively comprised up to 80% of the total odour blend. These terpenoids included (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (E)-β-ocimene and linalool that are known to attract P. persimilis. Aldehydes, alcohols, esters and ketones, together with nitrogenous compounds formed the remaining constituents of the odour blend. The induction of predator attractants in plants by JA may be applied in biological control programs, which is discussed in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003826309751
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf age affects composition of herbivore-induced synomones and attraction of predatory mites (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 373-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cucumber plant ; Tetranychus urticae ; Phytoseiulus persimilis ; Acari ; herbivore-induced synomone ; tritrophic interaction ; oximes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the olfactory response of the predatory mitePhytoseiulus persimilis to cucumber leaves infested with prey, the herbivorous spider miteTetranychus urticae. The predators responded to volatiles from young rather than old infested cucumber leaves. GC-MS analysis of the head-space of spider mite-infested, artificially damaged and undamaged cucumber plants showed that herbivore-induced plant volatiles were present among the volatiles of both old and young infested cucumber leaves. The major components of the herbivore-induced plant volatiles were (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene and (E)-β-ocimene: these compounds are known to attract the predatory mites. In addition, we found three oximes (2-methylbutanalO-methyloxime, 3-methylbutanalO-methyloxime, and an unknown oxime) in the headspace of both old and young infested cucumber leaves. 3-MethylbutanalO-methyloxime and the unknown oxime were much more abundant in the headspace of infested old cucumber leaves. The potential adaptive value of differential attractiveness of cucumber plant leaves of different age is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02064444
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