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  • ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS  (3)
  • Optics  (1)
  • 1
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    A computer system to analyze showers in nuclear emulsions: Center Director's discretionary fund report (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A system to rapidly digitize data from showers in nuclear emulsions is described. A TV camera views the emulsions though a microscope. The TV output is superimposed on the monitor of a minicomputer. The operator uses the computer's graphics capability to mark the positions of particle tracks. The coordinates of each track are stored on a disk. The computer then predicts the coordinates of each track through successive layers of emulsion. The operator, guided by the predictions, thus tracks and stores the development of the shower. The system provides a significant improvement over purely manual methods of recording shower development in nuclear emulsion stacks.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-100310 , NAS 1.15:100310
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Measurements and calculations of the Coulomb cross section for the production of direct electron pairs by energetic heavy nuclei in nuclear track emulsion (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Measurements and theoretical predictions of the Coulomb cross section for the production of direct electron pairs by heavy ions in emulsion have been performed. Nuclear track emulsions were exposed to the 1.8 GeV/amu Fe-56 beam at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory bevalac and to the 60 and 200 GeV/amu O-16 and the 200 GeV/amu S-32 beam at the European Center for Nuclear Research Super Proton Synchrotron modified to accelerate heavy ions. The calculations combine the Weizsacker-Williams virtual quanta method applicable to the low-energy transfers and the Kelner-Kotov relativistic treatment for the high-energy transfers. Comparison of the measured total electron pair yield, the energy transfer distribution, and the emission angle distribution with theoretical predictions revealed a discrepancy in the frequency of occurrence of the low-energy pairs (less than or = 10 MeV). The microscope scanning criteria used to identify the direct electron pairs is described and efforts to improve the calculation of the cross section for pair production are also discussed.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-100347 , NAS 1.15:100347
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    New calculations and measurements of the Coulomb cross-section for the production of direct electron pairs by high energy nuclei (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Recently, new calculations were made of the direct Coulomb pair cross section that rely less in arbitrary parameters. More accurate calculations of the cross section down to low pair energies were made. New measurements of the total direct electron pair yield, and the energy and angular distribution of the electron pairs in emulsion were made for O-16 at 60 and 200 GeV/amu at S-32 at 200 GeV/amu which give satisfactory agreement with the new calculations. These calculations and measurements are presented along with previous accelerator measurements made of this effect during the last 40 years. The microscope scanning criteria used to identify the direct electron pairs is described. Prospects for application of the pair method to cosmic ray energy measurements in the region 10 (exp 13) to 10 (exp 15) eV/amu are discussed.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-101280 , NAS 1.15:101280
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Energy Calibration of the Scintillating Optical Fiber Calorimeter Chamber (SOFCAL) (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The Scintillating Optical Fiber Calorimeter (SOFCAL) detector is designed to make direct measures of the primary cosmic ray spectrum from -200 GeV/amu - 20 TeV/amu. The primary particles are resolved into groups according to their charge (p, He, CNO, Medium Z, Heavy Z) using both active and passive components integrated into the detector. The principal part of SOFCAL is a thin ionization calorimeter that measures the electromagnetic cascades that result from these energetic particles interacting in the detector. The calorimeter is divided into two sections: a thin passive emulsion/x-ray film calorimeter, and a fiber calorimeter that uses crossing layers of small scintillating optical fibers to sample the energy deposition of the cascades. The energy determination is made by fitting the fiber data to transition curves generated by Monte Carlo simulations. The fiber data must first be calibrated using the electron counts from the emulsion plates in the calorimeter for a small number of events. The technique and results of this calibration will be presented together with samples of the data from a balloon flight.
    Keywords: Optics
    Type: Cosmic Ray; Jul 28, 1997 - Aug 08, 1997; South Africa
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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