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  • 1
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    The heliospheric intensity gradients of the anomalous He4 and the galactic cosmic-ray components (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Measurements made with Pioneers 10 and 11 over the radial range of 1 to about 25 AU from 1972 to 1981 are presented to show that at solar minimum (1972-1977), the radial gradient for the anomalous helium component from 11 to 20 MeV/n is about 14%/AU. This result is significantly smaller than that predicted for either charge state of the component based on the observed spectrum and assumptions of conventional solar modulation for particles propagating inward from the heliospheric boundary. It is confirmed that the solar modulation mechanism that determines the level and distribution of low-energy galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere, also modulates the He(A) spectrum. With increasing modulation between solar minimum and maximum, the 10-20 MeV/n He(A) flux decreases below the flux of modulated galactic He first at 1 AU and then progressively outward to 22-25 AU over an approximately two year period.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 257
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    The Jovian relativistic electron distribution in interplanetary space from 1 to 11 AU - Evidence for a continuously emitting 'point' source (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: From observations of Jovian electrons with instrumentation on the Pioneer 10 spacecraft, it is concluded from both their spatial distribution and their modulation in interplanetary space by solar corotating interaction regions (CIRs) that, whatever the scale size of the Jovian magnetotail, the escape of relativistic electrons occurs within 1 AU of the planet. Thus, on the large scale of the heliosphere, Jupiter appears as a continuously emitting 'point source'. The close approach of the spacecraft at 9.6 AU to a possible extension of a magnetotail early in 1976 is discussed. From recurring intensity increases of approximately 1-MeV protons, it is concluded that CIRs have not dissipated even at about 11 AU.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 215
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Observations of Jovian electrons at 1 AU throughout the 13 month Jovian synodic year (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study of Jovian electron-flux increases observed aboard the IMP-8 earth-orbiting satellite reveals that, contrary to previous reports of a 4-8-month Jovian electron 'season', Jovian electron-intensity increases were observed almost continuously from late 1973 into 1976, with peak intensities occurring at times of best connection between earth and Jupiter along the average direction of the interplanetary magnetic field about every 13 months. These observations are consistent with Jovian electron propagation both along and across the direction of the average interplanetary magnetic field. A convection-diffusion model for Jovian electron propagation, which assumes that Jupiter is a continuously emitting point source of electrons, originally developed to explain the distribution of Jovian electrons observed on the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft, can account also for the distribution of Jovian electrons observed at the orbit of earth.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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