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  • 1
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    First results from the Giotto magnetometer experiment during the P/Grigg-Skjellerup encounter (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Giotto magnetic field experiment has provided the first magnetic field data on the interaction between the solar wind and a low gas production comet, P/Grigg-Skjellerup. Waves produced by ion pick-up instabilities have been observed throughout the interaction region with particularly simple waveforms at large distances and a rich phenomenology. A bow shock has been observed outbound only, whereas inbound a change in the character of the wave fields occurred without a jump in the magnetic field vector. The inbound and outbound crossings of the bow wave and shock at 19,900 km and 25,400 km from the nucleus, respectively, imply a neutral gas production rate of (6.7 +/- 1.6) x 10 exp 27/sec. A magnetic field cavity of the comet was not crossed. The pile-up region of 2500 km width along the trajectory showed a magnetic field peak of 88.7 nT.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 268; 2; p. L5-L8.
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  • 2
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    First results from the Giotto magnetometer experiment at comet Halley (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The Giotto magnetometer experiment at comet Halley has for the first time provided magnetic field measurements in all the important spatial regions characterizing the front-side interaction between the solar-wind magnetoplasma and a cometary atmosphere. Upstream waves of cometary origin have been observed at distances greater than two million km from the comet, both inbound and outbound. A cometary bow shock has been identified at 1.15 million inbound on the dawn side and a thick quasi-parallel cometary bow shock outbound. A turbulent magnetosheath has been observed further inside. A magnetic pile-up region has been identified inside 135,000 km, inbound, and 263,000 km, outbound, with fields up to 57 and 65 nT, respectively. A cavity region with essentially zero magnetic field has been discovered, with a width of 8500 km along the trajectory around closest approach.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 321; 352-355
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  • 3
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    Interplanetary sector structure - 1970-1972 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Determinations of interplanetary sector structure for the years 1970-1972 reveal the persistence of sector patterns during the decreasing portion of the solar cycle. The simple two-sector pattern of 1969 persists through 1970 but develops greater complexity in 1971-1972.-
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Dec. 1
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  • 4
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    Radial evolution of power spectra of interplanetary Alfvenic turbulence (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously announced in STAR as N82-18097)
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; May 1
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  • 5
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    Macroscopic perturbations of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) by P/Halley as seen by the Giotto magnetometer (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Giotto magnetic field data were used to analyze the macroscopic field structure in the vicinity of P/Halley. During the Giotto flyby at comet P/Halley the IMF showed a quite stable away polarity. Draping of magnetic field lines is clearly observed along the outbound leg of the trajectory. Inside the magnetic pile-up region the field reverses its polarity several times. A symmetry of oppositely magnetized sheets with respect to the nucleus is found and explained in terms of convected IMF features.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the 20th ESLAB Symposium on the Exploration of Halley's Comet. Volume 3: Posters; p 173-178
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  • 6
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    Studies of the interplanetary magnetic field: IMP's to Voyager (1987)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: During the last two decades, spacecraft projects and individual experiments for which Frank McDonald was a leader have contributed very significantly to the current understanding of the structure of interplanetary space and the correlation between solar and interplanetary disturbances. Studies on the IMP, HELIOS, and Pioneer spin-stabilized spacecraft and the larger attitude-stabilized Voyager spacecraft have provided data sets from which the modern view of the heliosphere has evolved. That concept in which the inner solar system is shown to be dominated by individual streams associated with specific source regions on the Sun is illustrated. As these high-speed streams overtake the preexisting solar plasma, they coalesce and modify the characteristics so that at larger heliocentric distances, these disturbances appear as radially propagating concentric shells of compressed magnetic fields and enhanced fluctuations
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Essays in Space Science; p 99-121
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    The shape and location of the sector boundary surface in the inner solar system (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Simultaneous observations by Helios 1 and Helios 2 over four solar rotations, between January 20 and May 23, 1976, were used to determine the latitudinal dependence of the polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field within plus or minus 7.23 deg of the solar equator and within 1 AU. The longitudinal and latitudinal positions of the sector boundary crossing are consistent with a warped sector boundary which extended from the sun to 1 AU and was inclined approximately 10 deg with respect to the heliographic equator. This is consistent with simultaneous Pioneer 11 observations, which showed unipolar fields at approximately 16 deg latitude at heliocentric distances greater than 3.5 AU. Two sectors were observed at southern latitudes; however, four sectors were observed at northern latitudes on two rotations, indicating a distortion from planarity of the sector boundary surface.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Nov. 1
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  • 8
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    An extended investigation of Helios 1 and 2 observations - The interplanetary magnetic field between 0.3 and 1 AU (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Helios 1 and 2 spacecraft allowed a detailed investigation of the radial dependence of the interplanetary magnetic field components between 0.3 and 1 AU. The behavior of the radial component is in a very good agreement with Parker's model (approximately equal to the inverse square of the heliocentric distance) and the azimuthal component also shows a radial dependence which is close to theoretical predictions (approximately equal to the inverse of the heliocentric distance). Experimental results for the normal component and for the field magnitude are consistent with those from previous investigations. The relative amplitude of the directional fluctuations with periods less than 12 hr is essentially independent of heliocentric distance, while their power decreases approximately as the inverse cube of the heliocentric distance without any appreciable difference between higher and lower velocity regimes.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Solar Physics; 63; Sept
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  • 9
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    IMF structures between 0.3 and 1 A.U. - A comparison of two-spacecraft observations (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Interplanetary-magnetic-field observations by Helios 1 and IMP 8 have been compared for a period of time (corresponding to four solar rotations) in which the radial and latitudinal separations between spacecraft, respectively, ranged between 0 and 0.69 AU and 0 and 14.5 degrees. The correspondence between macrostructural features is good even when the observing spacecraft are located at opposite sides of the solar equatorial plane. Unipolar regions of the interplanetary magnetic field are confirmed as steady-state, corotating structures and are also mostly consistent with a quite regular extension of the field polarities of the observed coronal holes. There are, however, interesting examples of recurrent unipolar regions which are not associated with the recurrent pattern of high-velocity streams. A comparison of two field enhancements suggests that these structures do not experience significant modifications with the heliocentric distance.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nuovo Cimento C; vol. 1C
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  • 10
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    The large-scale structure of the interplanetary magnetic field between 1 and 0.3 AU during the primary mission of Helios 1 (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The macroscale and mesoscale structure of the interplanetary magnetic field during the primary mission of Helios 1 is discussed. The radial field component behaves essentially in agreement with Parker's theory. The transverse component shows a larger variability than the radial component; its radial variation is in good agreement with Parker's theory for high speeds, but some deviation is found for low speeds. The radial variation of the field variance is also studied. Its dependence upon the heliocentric distance r is expressed by the law 1/r cubed, which is necessary but not sufficient for Alfven waves. The available data do not allow a unique interpretation of the 1/r cubed dependence. No big differences are observed between low (less than or equal to 500 km/s) and high (greater than or equal to 600 km/s) solar wind velocity regimes.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 83; Nov. 1
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