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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We have searched the Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) All-Sky Survey (RASS) database at the positions of about 100 magnetic Bp-Ap stars of the helium-strong, helium-weak, silicon, and strontium-chromium subclasses. We detect X-ray sources at the positions of 10 of these stars; in four cases the X-ray emission presumably arises from an early-type companion with a radiatively driven wind, while we believe that the magnetic chemically peculiar (CP) star is the most likely X-ray source (as opposed to a binary companion) in at least three and at most five of the six remaining cases. The helium-strong stars have X-ray emission levels that are characteristic of the luminous OB stars with massive winds (log L(sub x)/L(sub bol) is about -7), whereas the He-weak and Si stars (which generally show no evidence for significant mass loss) have log L(sub x)/L(sub bol) values that can reach as high as about -6. In contrast, we find no convincing evidence that the cooler SrCrEu-type CP stars are intrinsic X-ray sources. We discuss the X-ray and radio emission properties of our sample of CP stars, and argue that both types of emission may be magnetospheric in origin; however, there is clearly not a simple one-to-one correspondence between them, since many of the magnetic stars that are detected radio sources were not detected as X-ray sources in the present survey.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 420; 1; p. 387-391
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: High-dispersion IUE spectra are presented of the hydrogen Ly-alpha chromospheric emission line of two nearby late-type stars, Capella and Lambda And. Both interstellar H I and D I Ly-alpha absorption can be seen against the chromospheric line, and the density, velocity dispersion, and bulk velocity of the gas in those lines of sight are derived. Limits are placed on the D/H ratio. The results are consistent with the current picture of the local interstellar medium.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 356; 223-228
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Theoretical line profiles are presented that demonstrate why 100,000 spectral resolution and high S/N are needed to derive accurate column densities from spectral lines that lie close to the flat part of the curve of growth and may contain multiple velocity components. The aim of the Space Telescope high-resolution-spectrograph observing program is to obtain column densities in the hydrogen and deuterium Lyman alpha lines along a variety of lines of sight within and extending beyond the local cloudlet, in which the sun is located near an edge. The broad chromospheric Lyman alpha emission lines of late-type stars are used as background sources against which to measure the interstellar absorption features. Profiles of interstellar absorption features in Mg II and Fe II lines will be obtained to derive the broadening parameter and/or identify possible multiple velocity components in the lines of sight.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 6; 2, 19; 91-94
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Small-aperture, high-dispersion IUE spectra have been obtained of seven late-type stars that, in general, confirm previous Copernicus results concerning the distribution of hydrogen and deuterium in the local interstellar medium. In addition, the IUE Ly Alpha spectra of Altair, and of the Alpha Cen components, suggest that multiple velocity components exist in these two directions.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 6; 2, 19
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A high dispersion profile is presented of the Lyman-alpha emission toward Alpha Cen B as recorded in two images taken with the IUE spacecraft. The spectra were examined with a three-parameter Gaussian or five-parameter solar-type profile to derive the intrinsic background stellar emission. Voight absorption profiles were calculated for the intervening H I and D I gas. A uniform, thermally broadened medium was assumed, with the calculations being based on the free stellar parameters of density, velocity dispersion and the bulk velocity of H I, and the density of D I. The use of a small aperture is shown to have been effective in eliminating geocoronal and interplanetary diffuse Ly-alpha contamination. The H I absorption profile toward Alpha Cen B is found to be equivalent to that toward Alpha Cen A, indicating that the H I profiles derived are essentially independent of stellar emission. Less success, however, was attained in obtaining any definitive D I profile, although an asymmetry in the blue and red wings of the Lyman-alpha emissions did show the presence of absorption by interstellar deuterium and allow setting a lower limit of 0.00001 for the D I/H I ratio.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 303; 791-796
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The atmospheric structure of the dwarf M-stars which is especially important to the general field of stellar chromospheres and coronae was investigated. The M-dwarf stars constitute a class of objects for which the discrepancy between the predictions of the acoustic wave chromospheric/coronal heating hypothesis and the observations is most vivid. It is assumed that they represent a class of stars where alternative atmospheric heating mechanisms, presumably magnetically related, are most clearly manifested. Ascertainment of the validity of a hypothesis to account for the origin of the chromospheric and transition region line emission in M-dwarf stars is proposed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Smithsonian Astrophysics Observatory 2nd Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, Vol. 1; p 73-79
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A spectrometer was used on the satellite Copernicus to observe a chromospheric L alpha emission from the K0 giant beta Gem at 1218.4 A. This emission appears to be in the corona at temperatures near 260,000 deg K, since the ion it is identified with requires 77.4 eV to be produced.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A high-resolution Copernicus observation of the chromospheric Ly-alpha emission line of the nearby (3.3 pc) K dwarf epsilon Eri sets limits on the velocity, the velocity dispersion, and the density of atomic hydrogen in the local interstellar medium. Analysis shows that the interstellar Ly-alpha absorption is on the flat portion of the curve of growth. An upper limit of 0.12 per cu cm is derived for the atomic-hydrogen density. The value of this density is 0.08 (plus or minus 0.04 per cu cm if the velocity-dispersion parameter is 9 km/s, corresponding to a temperature of 5000 K. Also, the interstellar deuterium Ly-alpha line may be present in the spectrum.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 204; Mar. 1
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 202; Nov. 15
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A spectrometer on the Copernicus satellite has been used to confirm the existence of a line width-luminosity relation for the Ly-alpha and Mg II 2800-A chromospheric emission lines in K-type stars by observation of a K2 dwarf (epsilon Eri) and a K2 supergiant (epsilon Peg). Combined with previously reported observations of lines in three K giants (alpha Boo, alpha Tau, and beta Gem), the data are consistent with an identical dependence of line width on absolute visual magnitude for the Ca II K, Ly-alpha, and Mg II 2795-A lines. Surface fluxes of Ly-alpha, Mg II 2800-A, and O V 1218-A (upper limit) for epsilon Eri, and of Mg II 2800-A for epsilon Peg are also compared with values reported previously for the three giant stars.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 202; Dec. 15
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