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  • 1
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    Direct observations of higher frequency density fluctuations in the interplanetary plasma (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Direct observations from the plasma spectrometers on Pioneer 6 at 1 AU in December, 1965, have been used to obtain the power associated with fluctuations in the number density of solar-wind protons in the frequency range from .001 to .01 Hz. A power-law spectrum is obtained in this frequency range. The extension of the power-law density spectrum based on direct observations to these higher frequencies is consistent with previous extrapolations of both spacecraft and interplanetary scintillation observations and with the dominance of large-scale turbulence in the solar wind. This result is also consistent with direct observations of the solar-wind proton speed and the interplanetary magnetic field.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 196; Mar. 15
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  • 2
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    Evidence for a constant speed of shock propagation between 0.8 AU and 2.2 AU (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The results of preliminary analysis of the in situ observations of solar wind plasma and interplanetary magnetic field data are presented. It is indicated that two planetary shocks associated with the August 1972 solar events propagated at approximately constant speed between 0.8 AU and 2.2 AU. This result is contrary to some theoretical expectations and earlier reports for these events of a strong deceleration of these shocks with increasing heliocentric distance. One example given is the difference between observed shock speeds of 700 km/sec and the estimated speeds of 2200 km/sec for Pioneer 9 and 1000 km/sec for Pioneer 10. These higher average speeds associated with the propagation of the shocks from the sun to the spacecraft, therefore, imply an extremely strong deceleration closer to the sun (within 0.8 AU).
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 13, 1977 - Aug 26, 1977; Plovdiv; Bulgaria
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  • 3
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    Evidence for earth magnetospheric tail associated phenomena at 3100 R sub E (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Examination of Pioneer 7 NASA Ames Research Center plasma analyzer data obtained in February 1977 at about 3100 earth radii, downstream from earth in the vicinity of the expected extended geomagnetic tail indicate that tail-related phenomena may have been observed. These observations are characterized by intermittent intervals of extremely low levels of plasma ion flux. Corresponding Prognoz 5 Space Research Institute plasma ion data obtained in the vicinity of earth indicate typical solar-wind flux levels and a relatively steady character of the solar wind during this time. These recent Pioneer 7 observations in the vicinity of the expected geomagnetic tail at about 3100 earth radii are consistent with earlier Pioneer 7 observations in September 1966 at about 1000 earth radii and Pioneer 8 observations in January 1968 at about 500 earth radii and represent the most extended positive observational information of the extended nature of the geomagnetic tail. These measurements suggest that at times Jupiter's magnetosphere may have tail-associated phenomena extending to distances of about 10 AU downstream from the planet. These measurements also raise the possibility that at times comets may have tail-associated phenomena extending downstream from the visible tail.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 6; July 197
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  • 4
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    First evidence for a Europa plasma torus (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The evidence from the Pioneer 10 plasma analyzer that plasma derived from Europa was present in the Jovian magnetosphere in December 1973 is summarized. Plasma detected between 1900 UT and 2100 UT on December 3, 1973, reveals a number of significant phenomena near the expected position of Europa's L shell. Mass addition to the magnetospheric plasma is indicated by a local increase in density apparently superimposed on the density gradient of Iogenic plasma. This increase in plasma density is unlike any phenomenon observed when the spacecraft is near a lunar L shell. The density shows fluctuations that make possible an estimate of the net outflow speed of magnetospheric ions per Jovian rotation. A radial flow speed in 1973 of 0.37 km/s from the Pioneer data is made, together with an estimate of 1 km/s in 1979 from Voyager 2 data, thus indicating a significant change.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Oct. 1
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  • 5
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    Evidence for ion transport and molecular ion dominance in the Venus ionotail (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: We present analyses from the five Pioneer Venus Orbiter plasma experiments and the plasma wave experiment when a patch of plasma with enhanced densities was encountered in the near-Venus ionotail during atmospheric entry at an altitude of approximately 1100 km in the nightside ionosphere. Our analyses of the thermal and superthermal ion measurements in this plasma feature provides the first evidence that at times molecular ions in the 28-32 amu mass range are dominant over atomic mass species thus yielding evidence for a transport mechanism that reaches into the lower ionosphere. Analysis of plasma analyzer (OPA) observations at this time indicates the presence of ions measured in the rest frame of the spacecraft at approximately 27 and 37 volt energy per unit charge steps. In the rest frame of the planet these superthermal ions are flowing from the dawn direction at speeds (assuming they are O2(+)) of approximately 8 km/s and with a flow component downward (perpendicular to the ecliptic plane) at speeds of approximately 2 km/s. OPA analyses also determine the ion number flux, energy, flow angles, and angular distributions. Plasma wave bursts appear to indicate that plasma density decreases within and on the equatorward edge of the patch of enhanced plasma densities are associated with ion acoustic waves and relative ion streaming.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; A9; p. 17,413-17,420
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  • 6
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    Comment on the Pioneer Venus Orbiter event of February 11, 1982 - Of cometary or solar origin? (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The evidence presented by Russell et al. (1985) for the cometary origin of the Pioneer Venus Orbiter event of Febr. 11, 1982, is examined critically. It is argued that the field fluctuations and He enhancements seen at Venus and near earth, the sequence of the events, and a number of related observations all indicate that the event is of solar origin. These objections are discussed individually in a reply by Russell et al., and the claim of cometary origin is defended.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 13; 1067-107
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  • 7
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    The radial gradient and the role of turbulence in the solar system (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Pioneer 10 observations from the Ames Research Center Plasma Analyzer experiment between 1 and 3 AU have been used to estimate the power spectra of the solar wind proton streaming speed. The power spectra indicate that significant turbulence on the scale of 1,000,000 km or more is present throughout this range of heliocentric distances, implying the importance of the role of large scale turbulence between 1 and 3 AU.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Solar wind three; Third Conference; Mar 25, 1974 - Mar 29, 1974; Pacific Grove, CA
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