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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (44)
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  • 1
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    Are the virial masses of clusters smaller than we think? (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The constraints that the available X-ray spectral and imaging data place on the mass distribution and mass to light ratio of rich clusters are considered. It was found for the best determined cases that the mass to light ratio is less than 125 h sub 50 at radii exceeding 1 h sub 50 Mpc. The mass to light ratio is approximately constant at radii exceeding 1 h sub 50 Mpc but may rise to values of roughly 200 h sub 50 in the central regions. The fraction of the total mass that is in baryons, primarily the hot X-ray emitting gas, is roughly 30 percent thus setting the mass to light ratio of the dark material to roughly 70. The model that fits the X-ray data for Coma is in good agreement with the observed optical velocity dispersion vs. radius data.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 317; 593-600
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  • 2
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    Were small galaxies once the dominant cosmological population? (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Redshifts and K magnitudes have been obtained for a small but complete sample of 22 galaxies with B magnitudes down to 24. In the luminosity range B = 23-24, the B-band galaxy counts are dominated by a population of small blue galaxies at z roughly 0.25, which may collectively contain as much baryonic matter as the normal galaxies. It is possible either that these earlier galaxies have undergone merging to create the present galaxy population, or that they represent a quite different galactic population which has now faded or disappeared. Either possibility has considerable implications for understanding of galaxy formation.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 354; 460
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Are the virial masses of clusters smaller than we think? (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The constraints that the available X-ray spectral and imaging data place on the mass distribution and mass to light ratio of rich clusters are considered. It was found for the best determined cases that the mass to light ratio is less than 125 h sub 50 at radii exceeding 1 h sub 50 Mpc. The mass to light ratio is approximately constant at radii exceeding 1 h sub 50 Mpc but may rise to values of roughly 200 h sub 50 in the central regions. The fraction of the total mass that is in baryons, primarily the hot X-ray emitting gas, is roughly 30% thus setting the mass to light ratio of the dark material to roughly 70. The model that fits the X-ray data for Coma is in good agreement with the observed optical velocity dispersion vs. radius data.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-89268 , NAS 1.15:89268
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    On the possibility of detecting very hot gas through absorption-line studies (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The possibility of detecting hot (T greater than or approximately equal to 10 to the 6th K) diffuse interstellar and intergalactic gas through absorption-line studies is assessed. Optical studies of semiforbidden lines are shown to be just beyond feasibility. X-ray absorption-line studies are concluded to be within the capability of future soft X-ray spectrographs, however. In particular, it is shown that the Bragg crystal spectrometer aboard Einstein could possibly have been used to detect O VII and O VIII lines against the Crab if they are present at plausible levels. Improvement of instrument parameters by only a small factor could make this the most important method available for studying hot interstellar, galactic halo and possibly even intergalactic gas.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 264
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  • 5
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    Orion's cloak as a model for supershells of gas around OB associations (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Orion OB1 was the association most heavily observed by the Copernicus satellite UV spectrometer, which detected very unusual, strong interstellar UV absorption lines. Negative velocity gas at -100 km/sec was also noted, together with the absence of a corresponding, very high positive velocity feature. These and other characteristics have led to the present inferrence of a radially expanding, thin, uniform and low column density shell of fast moving gas which surrounds the Ori OB1 and Lambda Ori regions. Inside this shell is a more slowly moving inhomogeneous region of higher density gas which produces the more sporadically distributed gas at velocities in the 30-100 km/sec range. Within this framework, it is suggested that the most recent supernova is seen in the highest velocity gas, while the composite effects of the history of supernova formation lie in the denser, slower material.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 6
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    Modelling the Local Interstellar Medium as a Supernova Remnant in a Multiphase Gas (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The construction of supernova remnant which is consistent with the observations and what it talls about the theory was investigated. It is argued that thermal evaporation and local inhomogeneity are crucial elements which are essential to any satisfactory description. It is concluded that: (1) a multiphase supernova remnant (SNR) seems to provide a plausible description of the local interstellar medium (ISM); (2) the local region could have been deficient in cool gas prior to the supernova both on theoretical and observational grounds; (3) the Sun may lie in a region towards the outside of the supernova remnant which hasn't yet come into pressure equilibrium with the hot gas; and (4) evaporative models give a much more satisfactory description of the O VI observations than Sedov Solutions.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Local Interstellar Medium, No. 81; p 287-296
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  • 7
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    The filaments of NGC 1275 - A collision between a galaxy and an accretion flow? (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Morphological evidence is presented (in the form of 3-A-bandpass Fabry-Perot images made with a CCD camera) that the two bright emission-line systems seen toward the galaxy NGC 1275 arise from a high-velocity impact of a foreground galaxy upon the accretion flow of gas cooling in the center of the Perseus cluster. The uniquely high optical-line luminosity of NGC 1275, in comparison with other central galaxies in clusters observed to have cooling flows, may be explained by energy deposited during the collision. Using additional information from 21-cm and extinction measurements, a rough model of the interaction is developed. Problems remain with this model - such as the likelihood of a gas-rich system penetrating to the cluster center. The kinematic structure of the optically emitting gas shows additional complex structure near the nucleus of NGC 1275.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 275; L27-L31
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  • 8
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    The Gemini-Monoceros X-ray enhancement - A giant X-ray ring (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A 1.5 deg spatial resolution map of the 1/4 KeV diffuse X-ray background enhancement in the Gemini and Monoceros constellations is found to show a circular ring-shaped emission feature with a diameter of 20 deg. The feature and possible X-ray contributions from the Mon OB1 association and neighboring supernova remnants are discussed. From 300 pc, the region has a radius of 50 pc, with an emitting electron density of 0.01 per cu cm. A shell of expanding neutral hydrogen and nonthermal radio spur is observed outside the ring with the X-ray emitting pulsar PSR 0656 + 14 lying close to the center of the ring. Origins of the ring are discussed, ruling out formation by the association Mon OB1. The ring is considered to be a field supernova remnant formed by the progenitor of the central pulsar, and providing constraints on theories of remnant evolution. This conclusion is found to agree with estimated supernova rates, and the absence of additional examples of this stage of evolution is an observational selection effect.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 248
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  • 9
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    Supernova remnant revolution in an inhomogeneous medium. I - Numerical models (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The first numerical simulations of supernova remnant evolution in an inhomogeneous gas are presented. Evolution in the lowest density substrate (the intercloud) is assumed to be spherically symmetric with a large intercloud filling factor and many dense regions (clouds) within the remnant; however, mass momentum and energy transfer between cloud and intercloud are included and the position and morphology of individual clouds tracked. Evolution is considered in several different models of the interstellar medium, both those in which the intercloud gas is diffuse (0.001 to 0.01/cu cm) and those in which it is relatively dense (n approximately 0.3/cu cm) under a variety of assumptions about the efficiency of thermal evaporation from the clouds into the intercloud medium.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 247
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  • 10
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    Cloud fluid compression and softening in spiral arms and the formation of giant molecular cloud complexes (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: With regard to the galactodynamics of the cloudy interstellar medium, the paper considers the response of such a gas to a forcing potential in the tight-winding density wave theory. The cloud fluid is treated in the hydrodynamic limit with an equation of state which softens at high densities. It is shown that in the inner regions of the galaxy, cooling of the cloud fluid in the arms can result in gravitational instability and the formation of large bound complexes of clouds which are identified with the giant molecular clouds (GMCs). Masses, dimensions, distributions, and scale heights of the GMCs are predicted by the theory. It is suggested that the interstellar gas density in the disk is regulated by the gravitational instability mechanism in the arms which siphons material into star formation. Implications for the evolution of individual GMCs and for galactic morphology are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 245
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