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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition of anomalous cosmic rays and implications for the heliosphere (1996)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 78 (1996), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: abundances ; anomalous cosmic rays ; Voyager ; interstellar medium ; heliosphere ; solar wind termination shock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We use energy spectra of anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) measured with the Cosmic Ray instrument on the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft during the period 1994/157-313 to determine several parameters of interest to heliospheric studies. We estimate that the strength of the solar wind termination shock is 2.42 (−0.08, +0.04). We determine the composition of ACRs by estimating their differential energy spectra at the shock and find the following abundance ratios: H/He = 5.6 (−0.5, +0.6), C/He = 0.00048 ± 0.00011, N/He = 0.011 ± 0.001, O/He = 0.075 ± 0.006, and Ne/He = 0.0050 ± 0.0004. We correlate our observations with those of pickup ions to deduce that the long-term ionization rate of neutral nitrogen at 1 AU is ∼ 8.3 × 10−7 s−1 and that the charge-exchange cross section for neutral N and solar wind protons is ∼ 1.0 × 10−15 cm2 at 1.1 keV. We estimate that the neutral C/He ratio in the outer heliosphere is 1.8(−0.7, +0.9) × 10−5. We also find that heavy ions are preferentially injected into the acceleration process at the termination shock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170798
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The isotopic composition of anomalous cosmic rays from sampex (1996)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 78 (1996), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: abundances ; isotopes ; anomalous cosmic rays ; SAMPEX ; neon ; interstellar medium ; heliosphere ; trapped heavy ions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) isotopic composition have been made in three regions of the magnetosphere accessible from the polar Earth orbit of SAMPEX, including the interplanetary medium at high latitudes and geomagnetically trapped ACRs. At those latitudes where ACRs can penetrate the Earth's magnetic field while fully stripped galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) of similar energies are excluded, a pure ACR sample is observed to have the following composition: 15N/N 〈 0.023, 18O/16O 〈 0.0034, and 22Ne/20Ne = 0.077(+0.085, −0.023). We compare our values with those found by previous investigators and with those measured in other samples of solar and galactic material. In particular, a comparison of 22Ne/20Ne measurements from various sources implies that GCRs are not simply an accelerated sample of the local interstellar medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170801
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  • 3
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    The energy spectrum of Jovian electrons in interplanetary space (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The energy spectrum of electrons with energies approximately 10 to approximately 180 MeV measured with the electron telescope on the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft in interplanetary space from 1978 to 1983 is reported. The kinetic energy of electrons is determined by double dE/dx measurements from the first two detectors (D1,D2) of a stack of eight solid state detectors and by the range of particle penetration into the remaining six detectors (D3 to D8) which are interleaved with tungsten absorbers.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: SH-1.5-18 , Contrib. to the 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf.; 1 p
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Cosmic-ray abundances of Sn, Te, Xe, and Ba nuclei measured on HEAO 3 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The results of an analysis of HEAO 3 Heavy Nuclei Experimental data covering 440 days of observations of Sn-Ba nuclei in cosmic rays are reported. The particles were detected by a Cernkov counter, and a Z-squared ceiling was calculated to normalize the histograms produced. The observed large abundance of Sn and Ba relative to other elements in the region of interest indicated a predominance of the s-process in the source of the particles. When account was taken of first ionization potential effects, the data indicated that the material could be solar system in origin. A source dominated by the r-process nucleosynthesis was ruled out at the 0.93 confidence level.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 267; April 15
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Latitude variation of recurrent fluxes in the outer solar system (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Recurrent low energy (not less than 0.5 MeV) proton flux enhancements, reliable indicators of corotating plasma inteaction regions in interplanetary space, have been observed on the Voyager 1 and 2 and Pioneer 11 spacecraft in the heliographic latitude range 2 deg S to 23 deg N and the heliocentric radial range 11 to 20 AU. After a period of rather high correlation between fluxes at different latitudes in early 1983, distinct differences develop. The evolution of the fluxes appears to be related to the temporal and latitudinal dynamics of solar coronal holes, suggesting that information about the latitudinal structure of solar wind stream sources propagates to these distances.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: SH-4.1-13 , Contrib. to the 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf.; 1 p
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  • 6
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    Research in particles and fields (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Cosmic rays and astrophysical plasmas, NASA spacecraft experiment activities, and gamma rays are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-170335 , NAS 1.26:170335
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Evidence for anomalous cosmic-ray hydrogen (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Evidence is presented for the emergence of a measurable anomalous cosmic-ray hydrogen component in 1987 which may account for 20-40 percent of the total hydrogen flux at 60 MeV. Comparing this flux with that of anomalous cosmic-ray helium, the H I/He I ratio in the very local interstellar medium is estimated at 4, consistent with determinations from solar ultraviolet backscatter measurements.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 334; L77-L80
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  • 8
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    Estimate of the distance to the solar wind termination shock from gradients of anomalous cosmic ray oxygen (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The radial gradient of anomalous cosmic ray oxygen measured instantaneously between Voyager 2 and Pioneer 10 during 1985-1988 is correlated with the inferred tilt of the heliospheric neutral sheet. This is consistent with a simple model in which the radial gradient is related to the length of the neutral sheet between the two spacecraft. With this model we show that the radial gradient and the tilt of the neutral sheet near the solar wind termination shock can be inferred from the Voyager and Pioneer observations. By comparing the time history of the inferred tilt with that derived from solar observations, we estimate that the termination shock was at 62 +5/-7 AU at solar minimum in 1987. At solar maximum the shock should be located at about 90 AU due to the increased pressure of the solar wind.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A9; p. 15,165-15,168.
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  • 9
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    Gamma-ray continuum and line observations of SN 1987A (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: The Caltech gamma-ray imaging telescope observed the hard X-ray and gamma-ray emission from SN 1987A as it evolved between 1987 May and 1989 April, in a series of four balloon flights from Alice Springs, NT, Australia. Observations of the Crab Nebula and Pulsar provided in-flight data on pointing accuracy and instrument function for each flight. Results presented here include our measurements on November 18, 1987 (D268) and April 12, 1988 (D414) of both line emission at 847 and 1238 keV from the decay of Co-56, and Compton-scattered continuum above 50 keV. Upper limits for both line and continuum emission were obtained on May 20, 1987 (D86) and April 4, 1989 (D771). For the D268 and D414 continuum measurements, our results are best-fit by a differential power law of the form dN/dE = kE exp -gamma (sq cm s keV) for the energy range 50-800 keV. Our corresponding line measurements were fit with Gaussian profiles, containing additional terms for the underlying continuum. We compare our flux measurements and upper limits to those from other experiments and to predictions of theoretical models.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 412; 1; p. 203-212.
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Research in particle and gamma-ray astrophysics (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Research activities in cosmic rays, gamma rays, and astrophysical plasmas are covered. Each activity is described, followed by a bibliography. The research program is directed toward the investigation of the astrophysical aspects of cosmic rays and gamma rays and of the radiation and electromagnetic field environment of the earth and other planets. These investigations were performed by means of energetic particle and photon detector systems flown on spacecraft and balloons.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-183126 , NAS 1.26:183126
    Format: application/pdf
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