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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (2)
  • Meteorology and Climatology  (2)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (1)
  • 1
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    The Galileo probe mass spectrometer: composition of Jupiter's atmosphere (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The composition of the jovian atmosphere from 0.5 to 21 bars along the descent trajectory was determined by a quadrupole mass spectrometer on the Galileo probe. The mixing ratio of He (helium) to H2 (hydrogen), 0.156, is close to the solar ratio. The abundances of methane, water, argon, neon, and hydrogen sulfide were measured; krypton and xenon were detected. As measured in the jovian atmosphere, the amount of carbon is 2.9 times the solar abundance relative to H2, the amount of sulfur is greater than the solar abundance, and the amount of oxygen is much less than the solar abundance. The neon abundance compared with that of hydrogen is about an order of magnitude less than the solar abundance. Isotopic ratios of carbon and the noble gases are consistent with solar values. The measured ratio of deuterium to hydrogen (D/H) of (5 +/- 2) x 10(-5) indicates that this ratio is greater in solar-system hydrogen than in local interstellar hydrogen, and the 3He/4He ratio of (1.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(-4) provides a new value for protosolar (solar nebula) helium isotopes. Together, the D/H and 3He/4He ratios are consistent with conversion in the sun of protosolar deuterium to present-day 3He.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); Volume 272; 5263; 846-9
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Chemical composition measurements of the atmosphere of Jupiter with the Galileo Probe mass spectrometer (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Galileo Probe entered the atmosphere of Jupiter on December 7, 1995. Measurements of the chemical and isotopic composition of the Jovian atmosphere were obtained by the mass spectrometer during the descent over the 0.5 to 21 bar pressure region over a time period of approximately 1 hour. The sampling was either of atmospheric gases directly introduced into the ion source of the mass spectrometer through capillary leaks or of gas, which had been chemically processed to enhance the sensitivity of the measurement to trace species or noble gases. The analysis of this data set continues to be refined based on supporting laboratory studies on an engineering unit. The mixing ratios of the major constituents of the atmosphere hydrogen and helium have been determined as well as mixing ratios or upper limits for several less abundant species including: methane, water, ammonia, ethane, ethylene, propane, hydrogen sulfide, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. Analysis also suggests the presence of trace levels of other 3 and 4 carbon hydrocarbons, or carbon and nitrogen containing species, phosphine, hydrogen chloride, and of benzene. The data set also allows upper limits to be set for many species of interest which were not detected. Isotope ratios were measured for 3He/4He, D/H, 13C/12C, 20Ne/22Ne, 38Ar/36Ar and for isotopes of both Kr and Xe.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR); Volume 21; 11; 1455-61
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Observations at the planet Mercury by the plasma electron experiment, Mariner 10 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Plasma electron observations made onboard Mariner 10 are reported. Three encounters with the planet Mercury show that the planet interacts with the solar wind to form a bow shock and a permanent magnetosphere. The observations provide a determination of the dimensions and properties of the magnetosphere, independently of and in general agreement with magnetometer observations. The magnetosphere of Mercury appears to be similar in shape to that of the Earth but much smaller in relation to the size of the planet. Electron populations similar to those found in the Earth's magnetotail, within the plasma sheet and adjacent regions, were observed at Mercury; both their spatial location and the electron energy spectra within them bear qualitative and quantitative resemblance to corresponding observations at the Earth. The magnetosphere of Mercury resembles to a marked degree a reduced version of that of the Earth, with no significant differences of structure.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71210 , X-692-76-223
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Evidence for ion transport and molecular ion dominance in the Venus ionotail (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: We present analyses from the five Pioneer Venus Orbiter plasma experiments and the plasma wave experiment when a patch of plasma with enhanced densities was encountered in the near-Venus ionotail during atmospheric entry at an altitude of approximately 1100 km in the nightside ionosphere. Our analyses of the thermal and superthermal ion measurements in this plasma feature provides the first evidence that at times molecular ions in the 28-32 amu mass range are dominant over atomic mass species thus yielding evidence for a transport mechanism that reaches into the lower ionosphere. Analysis of plasma analyzer (OPA) observations at this time indicates the presence of ions measured in the rest frame of the spacecraft at approximately 27 and 37 volt energy per unit charge steps. In the rest frame of the planet these superthermal ions are flowing from the dawn direction at speeds (assuming they are O2(+)) of approximately 8 km/s and with a flow component downward (perpendicular to the ecliptic plane) at speeds of approximately 2 km/s. OPA analyses also determine the ion number flux, energy, flow angles, and angular distributions. Plasma wave bursts appear to indicate that plasma density decreases within and on the equatorward edge of the patch of enhanced plasma densities are associated with ion acoustic waves and relative ion streaming.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; A9; p. 17,413-17,420
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  • 5
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    EOS - The earth observing system of the 1990s (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Attention is given to the deliberations of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Science and Mission Requirements Working Group, which has addressed the requirements and prospects for low earth orbit sensor platforms in the 1990s. The proposed EOS network would link data users with mission data repositories. Three EOS instrument packages have been chosen on the basis of synergistic instrument groupings for making simultaneous observations of selected phenomena over a variety of wavelengths.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE, Proceedings (ISSN 0018-9219); 73; 1025-103
    Format: text
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