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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (11)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (6)
  • 1985-1989  (17)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Low visibility due to warm fog has caused costly disruptions in the case of aircraft schedules, and fog-related difficulties can arise in connection with Space Shuttle flights. As current methods of fog elimination are not entirely satisfactory, Kelley (1983) has proposed a new brute force procedure for warm fog dispersal. This procedure makes use of recycled water sprays. Fog droplets are removed by coalescence/rainout. Details regarding the involved approaches are described, and a demonstration of the method is discussed. Attention is given to tests conducted in October 1984, visual range improvement in response of water spray fog dispersal, a systematic investigation concerning a selection of firefighting nozzles, and histograms of fog droplet number concentration measured in the spray curtain outflow with a forward scattering spectrometer probe.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Some consequences of the 8.9 millisecond periodicity observed in neutrino events from SN1987A with the Kamiokonde and IMB experiments are discussed. Interpreting the apparent period as a rotation of a compact object would imply that the neutrino emission is anisotropic and that the neutrino mass, averaged over all observed flavors, is less than 0.2 eV/c-squared. It is also noted that P = 8.9 ms is a reasonable period for very young pulsars.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 328; 503
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Thermal noise spectroscopy was used to measure the density and temperature of the main (cold) electron plasma population during two hours around the point of closest approach of the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) to comet Giacobini-Zinner. The time resolution was 18 seconds in the plasma tail and 54 seconds elsewhere. Near the tail axis, the maximum plasma density was 670/cu cm and the temperature slightly above one volt. Away from the axis, the plasma density dropped to 100/cu cm over 2000 km, then decreased to 10/cu cm over 15,000 km; at the plasma tail, the density fluctuated between 10 and 30/cu cm, and the temperature, between 100,000 and 400,000 K. No evidence was found of grain impact on the spacecraft or antennas in the plasma tail. This yields an upper limit for the dust flux or particle mass, indicating either fluxes or masses in the tail smaller than those implied by models or an anomalous grain structure. Outside the tail, and particularly near 100,000 km from its axis, impulsive noises indicating plasma turbulence were observed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 232; 370-374
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Observations of interstellar CH(+) toward Zeta Oph were performed to determine the C-12/C-13 isotope ratio in this diffuse cloud. The very high signal-to-noise ratio spectra yield 6 sigma detections of the (C-13)H(+) features at 4232 A and 3957 A; a weighted mean C-12/C-13 ratio of 43 + or - 6 (1 sigma) is obtained. The uncertainty includes the contribution of continuum placement errors, statistical channel-to-channel signal fluctuations, and the error introduced in deconvolving the blended isotopic lines at 4232 A. This result indicates a decrease in the local galactic C-12/C-13 ratio by a factor of 2 during the 4.6 billion yr since the formation of the sun.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 294; L131-L13
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 294; 238-241
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Very precise observations (with S/N greater than 2000) of the 3874-angstrom band of interstellar CN toward zeta Per and omicron Per are presented. In the zeta Oph, zeta Per, and omicron Per lines of sight, the saturation-corrected CN line strengths yield respective excitation temperatures of 2.72 plus or minus 0.05 K, 2.76 plus or minus 0.05 K, and 2.78 plus or minus 0.07 K for the J = 0-1 rotational transition at 2.64 mm. By confirming the blackbody character of the cosmic microwave background spectrum at wavelengths near the peak of its flux, the simplest explanation of the background as primeval fireball radiation from a hot bang is reinforced.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 297; 119-132
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An H2O(+) emission profile extracted from an optical CCD spectrogram obtained during the ICE/Giacobini-Zinner encounter is compared to the electron density profile deduced from in-situ measurements by the ratio experiment aboard ICE. It is concluded that the electrons and the H2O(+) ions are distributed similarly 9600 km tailward from the cometary nucleus; that the ratio of number densities of H2O(+) ions to electrons is 1/4 at this point; and that the width of the plasma sheet is 16,000 km.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ESA Proceedings of the 20th ESLAB Symposium on the Exploration of Halley's Comet. Volume 1: Plasma and Gas; p 511-514
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Balloon-borne measurements of cosmic-ray nuclear abundances for Z = 5-28 and energies 1.2-1.4 GeV/nucleon, obtained using the scintillation/Cerenkov-counter telescope and multiwire proportional counter described by Dwyer et al. (1984) on four flights from Texas and Oklahoma during 1973-1975, are reported. The data are presented in tables and graphs and compared with published observations. Charge separation (sigma = 0.2 units for Fe) and exposure factor (38 sq m sr h) are attained, and the findings are found to be in good agreement with the predictions of a simple leaky-box model of the Galaxy and a pure exponential path-length distribution, although a nested-leaky-box model with some truncation is possible. The delay between e-process nucleosynthesis and cosmic-ray acceleration is estimated on the basis of the Co abundance at greater than 100 d and probably greater than 100,000 yr.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 294; 441-454
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  • 9
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Abundances of Si(+), S(+), Cr(+), Mn(+), Fe(_), and Zn(+) are considered for two absorption-line systems in the spectrum of the QSO PKS 0528 - 250. Zinc and sulfur are underabundant, relative to H, by a factor of 10 compared to their solar and Galactic interstellar abundances. The silicon-, chromium-, iron-, and nickel-to-hydrogen ratios are less than the solar values and comparable to the local interstellar ratios. A straightforward interpretation is that nucleosynthesis in these high-redshift systems has led to only about one-tenth as much heavy production as in the gas clouds around the sun, and that the amount of the observed underabundances attributable to grain depletion is small. The dust-to-gas ratio in these clouds is less than 8 percent of the Galactic value.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 343; L37-L40
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A technique is presented for generating trend or convective tendency images using a combination of GOES satellite imagery and cloud-to-ground lightning observations. The convective tendency images can be used for short term forecasting of storm development. A conceptual model of cloud electrical development and an example of the methodology used to generate lightning/satellite convective tendency imagery are given. Successive convective tendency images can be looped or animated to show the previous growth or decay of thunderstorms and their associated lighting activity. It is suggested that the convective tendency image may also be used to indicate potential microburst producing storms.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Feb 01, 1988 - Feb 05, 1988; Anaheim, CA; United States
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