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  • 1
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    Microturbulence in the upper photosphere of Alpha Persei (F5 Ib) derived from ultraviolet spectral observations (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: High-resolution ultraviolet spectra of the moderate supergiant Alpha Per (F5 Ib) were studied to determine the dynamic state of its upper photosphere. It was found that the line-of-sight microturbulent velocity component in the region of origin of the UV spectrum is about 5 km/s, and is slightly smaller than the value derived from the visual spectrum. This is ascribed to dissipation of mechanical energy between the higher and lower layers where, respectively, the ultraviolet and visual light lines originate. Between these two levels, which are one scale height apart, the mechanical energy flux decreases to about 0.3 of its photospheric value. The consequent value for the (outward directed) turbulent acceleration is 24 cm/sec-squared, more than one half the observationally determined effective acceleration of gravity.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 185; 1-2,
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  • 2
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    Molecular and atomic clouds associated with infrared cirrus in Ursa Major (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Observations of CO and H I revealed that in Ursa Major the high-latitude far-infrared 'cirrus' emission discovered by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite comes from molecular and atomic clouds. These clouds differ sufficiently from the large clouds in the Galactic plane so that the ratio of H2 column density to velocity-integrated CO radiation temperature, N(H2)/W(CO), derived from Galactic plane surveys, may not apply to them. On the assumption of a constant gas-to-dust ratio, it is argued that the cirrus emission in Ursa Major is a good mass tracer, since both the atomic and the molecular gas are probably optically thin at visual wavelengths, and the grains are heated not by local sources but by the background field of Galactic starlight. The N(H2)/W(CO) ratio thus derived for those diffuse clouds, is significantly lower than the ratio applicable to Galactic plane surveys.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 319; 723-729
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  • 3
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    Contributions of low-luminosity sources to the X-ray background (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: HEAO 1 A-2 data are used to determine hard X-ray fluxes, or upper limits, for complete optically selected samples of active and normal galaxies, in order to estimate or to constrain their local X-ray luminosity functions. It is found that the luminosity function of Seyfert nuclei must flatten down drastically shortly below the observational limit of Piccinotti et al (1982); little can be added by dwarf active nuclei hidden in otherwise normal galaxies. Also analyzed is the possible contribution to the X-ray background from galaxies with strong star-formation activity, in the light of the possibility of a substantial cosmological evolution suggested by recent radio and IRAS data.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 344; 125-134
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  • 4
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    IRAS observations of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Integrated and individual-star observations of 47 Tuc obtained at 12, 25, 60, and 100 microns by IRAS are reported. The data are presented in tables and brightness contour maps and analyzed. Features discussed include integrated light dominated by stellar photospheric emission, 12- and 25-micron excesses (associated with red giants in the outer region of the cluster), and a small excess at 100 microns (attributed to integrated-light heating of about 0.0003 solar mass of silicate dust within 6 arcmin of the cluster center). It is pointed out that this is much less dust than predicted by theoretical models of accumulation since the cluster passed through the Galactic plane about 30 Myr ago, and possible dust-removal mechanisms are considered.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256); 96; 116-122
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  • 5
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    Infrared spectroscopy of astrophysical ices - New insights in the photochemistry (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The photochemical effects of the interstellar radiation field on the ice mantles of molecular-cloud dust grains are investigated by means of laboratory simulations. The apparatus and analytical methods described by Hagen et al. (1979) and Hagen (1982) are employed, and the results are presented as spectra and discussed in detail. Consideration is given to the strong IR absorption bands of OCN(-) and NH4(+) which appear after photolysis and heating of H2O/NH3/CO/O2 ices, the detection of similar bands toward W33A, the critical role of NH3 in the photochemical production of ions, and the use of calculated integrated absorption-band strengths to estimate astrophysical column densities.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series (ISSN 0365-0138); 78; 2, Ma
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  • 6
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    Production of self-absorbed synchrotron spectra steeper than nu to the 5/2 (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Self-absorbed synchrotron radiation produced by electrons with a power-law distribution of energies has a unique spectral shape: intensity is proportional to nu to the 5/2, where nu is the frequency, irrespective of the power law index of the electrons. It has been asserted that the measurement of a spectral index greater than 5/2 at frequencies below the 'far-IR turnovers' observed in the spectra of many radio-quiet AGN is incompatible with the physics of self-absorbed synchrotron sources. It is shown here that plausible electron energy distributions can lead to self-absorbed synchrotron spectra which are steeper than nu to the 5/2 over 1-1.5 orders of magnitude in frequency. This indicates that none of the existing observations are in fact incompatible with self-absorbed synchrotron radiation as the source.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 338; 484
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  • 7
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    Fast variations in the ultraviolet resonance lines of Alpha Camelopardalis (O9.5 Ia) - Evidence for blobs in the wind (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The 72 IUE spectra of Alpha Cam and 19 IUE spectra of Kappa Cas, obtained during 72 hours of continuous IUE time in September 1978 were searched for variations in the profiles of the resonance lines of Si IV, C IV, and N V, and the results are discussed. The UV resonance lines in the spectra of Alpha Cam showed variations at the 2 percent level near -1800, -700, and +700 km/s. The first two variations can be explained by absorption components of outward-accelerated blobs or shells with an average acceleration of 1.5 cm/sq s. The characteristics of the blobs and shells are discussed, including the column densities and masses. No variations were found in the spectra of Kappa Cas.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 325; 342-354
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  • 8
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    Diffuse and dark clouds in the interstellar medium (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observations of clouds in the ISM of the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds, obtained with the IUE satellite since its launch in 1978, are reviewed. Consideration is given to the techniques used to analyze IUE Maxwellian growth curves and oscillator strengths, the general structure of the Galactic ISM, the high-velocity clouds, heavy-element depletion, and observations toward strongly reddened stars in the outer portions of dark clouds. Theoretical models of interstellar dust formation and selective and nonselective removal of elements from dust grains are discussed; observations of reflection nebulae and their implications for light scattering by dust are examined; the dynamics and ionization structure of the Galactic halo ISM are described; and the Magellanic Cloud observations are briefly characterized. Diagrams, graphs, and tables of numerical data are provided.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 9
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    The nondetection of continuum radiation from Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983d) at 2- to 6-cm wavelengths and its implication on the icy-grain halo theory (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock was observed with the VLA at 6 and 2 cm, when the comet was at geocentric distances of 0.08 and 0.035 AU, respectively, and the results are discussed. The three sigma upper limits to the flux density are 90 and 750 micro-Jy at the two wavelengths, respectively, values fully two orders of magnitude below the flux densities predicted by the icy-grain halo theory as initially developed. The corrected theory also indicates that the icy grain halo theory does not give an adequate description of the cometary environment. It is shown that the halo is either very optically thin, with a filling factor of the order of 10 to the -5th, or that the maximum size of the grain that can be lifted off the nuclear surface is only of the order of 10-100 microns.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 62; 349-359
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  • 10
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    Interstellar carbon I lines in zeta Ophiuchi (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: With two f-values of C I lines obtained from the spectra of zeta Pup and gamma(2) Vel, it is shown that the interstellar C I spectrum in zeta Oph obeys an optical-depth relation similar to that for Na I, and the relative strengths of 19 multiplets are determined from this relation. The dominant processes which excite neutral carbon are used to calculate populations of the fine-structure levels as functions of the density of H nuclei and the temperature, and evidence is found that the C I lines are formed in the dense cloud in front of zeta Oph at a heliocentric velocity of -14.4 km/s. It is noted that the observed column-density ratios of the neutral carbon fine-structure levels lead to a total H nuclei density of about 220 to 660 per cu cm, while the electron density and observed C(+) abundance indicate a value of 10,000 per cu cm, with a 0.05 pc thick gas layer.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 37; 2, De; Dec. 197
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