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  • 1
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    An absolute photometric system at 10 and 20 microns (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Two new direct calibrations at 10 and 20 microns are presented in which terrestrial flux standards are referred to infrared standard stars. These measurements give both good agreement and higher accuracy when compared with previous direct calibrations. As a result, the absolute calibrations at 10 and 20 microns have now been determined with accuracies of 3 and 8 percent, respectively. A variety of absolute calibrations based on extrapolation of stellar spectra from the visible to 10 microns are reviewed. Current atmospheric models of A-type stars underestimate their fluxes by about 10 percent at 10 microns, whereas models of solar-type stars agree well with the direct calibrations. The calibration at 20 microns can probably be determined to about 5 percent by extrapolation from the more accurate result at 10 microns. The photometric system at 10 and 20 microns is updated to reflect the new absolute calibration, to base its zero point directly on the colors of A0 stars, and to improve the accuracy in the comparison of the standard stars.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256); 90; 900-906
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Far-infrared scans of the Galactic plane (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Results are reported for balloon-borne scans of the Galactic plane between longitudes of 348 and 32.5 deg, which were made in two broad spectral bands from 60 to 300 microns and from 150 to 300 microns. These results indicate that there are many bright H II regions embedded in a diffuse underlying band of emission in the examined longitude range, that the color temperatures range from 30 to 90 K, and that the width of the plane is at least 2 deg of arc in both spectral bands. A lower-limit IR luminosity of the order of 1 billion suns is computed for both the bright complex of sources at the nucleus and the underlying diffuse emission out to about + or -15 deg of arc from the nucleus. The strong relationship between far-IR emission and radio continuum expected for discrete sources is illustrated, and the results are compared with those of previous studies. It is concluded that the total far-IR luminosity of the central part of the Galaxy is understandable solely in terms of known distributions of stars and dust.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 214
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Cryogenic telescope on the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) has completed an unbiased all-sky survey at wavelengths from 10 to 100 microns. The design and performance of the focal plane array is described with emphasis on in-orbit measurements of the sensitivity and stability. In the four broad spectral bands centered at 12, 25, 60, and 100 microns, the system noise equivalent flux density (NEFD) values are in Jy/(Square root of Hz), 0.03, 0.025, 0.046, and 0.21, respectively (Jansky = 10 to the -26th W/sq m/Hz). For point sources, a single scan at the survey rate of 3.8 arcmin/s yields limiting flux densities at the 3-sigma confidence level of 0.36, 0.30, 0.39, and 1.2 Jy. The dc stability of the junction field effect transistor (JFET) amplifiers and the excellent off-axis rejection of the telescope permit total flux measurements of extended infrared emission at levels below 6,000,000 Jy/sr. Response of the extrinsic silicon and germanium photo-detectors to ionizing radiation is described.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Optical Engineering (ISSN 0091-3286); 23; 122-127
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    The infrared properties of galaxy clusters - IRAS observations of the Hercules Cluster (Abell 2151) (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A total of 41 sources have been detected at 60 microns to a level of 50 mJy in a 1.6 x 0.5 deg field centered on the rich galaxy cluster Abell 2151. Twenty-four of these sources can be identified with late-type spiral galaxies of estimated photographic magnitude 17 or brighter. Galaxies classified as E or S0 are notably absent in the infrared data. Within the field, eleven of the IRAS sources cannot be easily identified with galaxies in the Hercules Cluster. If the brightest 60 micron cluster source (NGC 6045) is neglected, the integral luminosity function in the far-infrared can be fitted well with two power laws of slope -1.1 and -2.5.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 278; L75-L78
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  • 5
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    Requirements of IR space astronomy (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: An introduction to a series of infrared detector technology workshops is given. The establishment of goals and new requirements is addressed in a general way. The Shuttle Infrared telescope Facility (SIRIF) goals are listed. Given that the wavelength coverage is established at 2 to 750 microns and the unvignetted field of view is 7 arcmin, the field should be fully utilized at each wavelength, diffraction should be critically sampled, and each detector should be background limited.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Ames Research Center, Proceedings of the Third Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; p 1-4
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Search for brown dwarfs in the IRAS data bases (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The results of two searches for brown dwarfs using IRAS data bases are reviewed. From one survey, it is concluded that all of the 5776 high-latitude point sources in the IRAS Point Source Catalog can be positionally associated with stars or galaxies by simple comparisons with optical catalogs and atlases. Only one object near the north Galactic pole possesses an optical/IR color cool enough to be considered as a candidate; it is found to be an unusual carbon star of 1300 K with a probable distance far out in the Galactic halo. The more sensitive Serendipitous Survey, which detected objects about five times fainter than the other survey, also found no brown dwarfs. This survey found fewer ordinary stars than the number extrapolated from the less sensitive survey.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
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  • 7
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    Unidentified point sources in the IRAS minisurvey (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Nine bright, point-like 60 micron sources have been selected from the sample of 8709 sources in the IRAS minisurvey. These sources have no counterparts in a variety of catalogs of nonstellar objects. Four objects have no visible counterparts, while five have faint stellar objects visible in the error ellipse. These sources do not resemble objects previously known to be bright infrared sources.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 278; L63-L66
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  • 8
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    Spatial deconvolution of IRAS galaxies at 60 UM (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Using IRAS in a slow scan observing mode to increase the spatial sampling rate and a deconvolution analysis to increase the spatial resolution, several bright galaxies were resolved at 60 micron. Preliminary results for M 82, NGC 1068, NGC 3079 and NGC 2623 show partially resolved emission from 10 to 26 arcsec., full width at half maximum, and extended emission from 30 to 90 arcsec. from the center. In addition, the interacting system, Arp 82, along with Mark 231 and Arp 220 were studied using the program ADDSCAN to average all available survey mode observations. The Arp 82 system is well resolved after deconvolution and its brighter component is extended; the two most luminous objects are not resolved with an upper limit of 15 arcsec. for Arp 220.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington Star Formation in Galaxies; p 651-660
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Low-background air-infrared telescope for balloon-borne infrared astronomy (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The design and performance of a far-infrared telescope are discussed. The instrument is twenty centimeters in diameter and has excellent operating characteristics at 100 microns. The principal features of the telescope are summarized. A diagram of the system is provided. The telescope completed two sucessful balloon flights in which the planets Mars and Saturn were used as calibration sources. Observations were made of the H2 regions W 3, Orion A, NGC 2024, and the bright infrared galaxy M 82.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 145-149
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  • 10
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    A redshift survey of IRAS galaxies (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Results are presented from a redshift survey of all 72 galaxies detected by IRAS in Band 3 at flux levels equal to or greater then 2 Jy. The luminosity function at the high luminosity end is proportional to L sup -2, however, a flattening was observed at the low luminosity end indicating that a single power law is not a good description of the entire luminosity function. Only three galaxies in the sample have emission line spectra indicative of AGN's, suggesting that, at least in nearby galaxies, unobscured nuclear activity is not a strong contributor to the far infrared flux. Comparisons between the selected IRAS galaxies and an optically complete sample taken from the CfA redshift survey show that they are more narrowly distributed than those optically selected, in the sence that the IRAS sample includes few galaxies of low absolute blue luminosity. It was also found that the space distributions of the two samples differ: the density enhancement or IRAS galaxies is only approx. 1/3 that of the optically selected galaxies in the core of the Coma cluster.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington Star Formation in Galaxies; p 565-568
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