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  • 1
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    High energy spectroscopy with the AXAF (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The AXAF is a meter-class telescope that is planned to be the third of NASA's Great Observatories, joining the Hubble Space Telescope and the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory in orbit before the end of this decade. The telescope will approach tenth-arc-second resolution over a dynamic range of 100 (0.1-10 keV). An assortment of gratings and focal plane detectors will be utilized to provide unprecedented imaging and spectroscopic capabilities in a long-lived facility. In particular, the AXAF is unique in its high resolution imaging, and in the hard X-ray spectroscopy that can be performed with both high resolution and high throughput.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series (ISSN 0365-0138); 97; 1; p. 367-369.
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  • 2
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    Calibrating the broad band X-ray telescope (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This paper describes the calibration of the two solid-state Si(Li) X-ray detectors and the X-ray telescopes that flew as part of Goddard Space Flight Center's Broad Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT) experiment on board the space shuttle Columbia in 1990 December. During the 9 day shuttle mission, BBXRT performed approximately 150 observations of 82 celestial sources. The content of the archive is summarized here. Although BBXRT had a relatively short life, it stands as a milestone in X-ray astronomy as being the first instrument to offer moderate spectral resolution over a wide bandpass (0.3-12.0 keV). Among other things, this paper discusses the effective area calibration of the instrument, the flux calibration and flux corrections for off-axis observations, the detector background, and optimal background subtraction techniques. The on-axis effective area calibration for the central detector elements was performed using data from the Crab Nebula, while other carefully selected targets were used for calibration of the outer detector elements. The remaining systematic uncertainties in the effective area calibration for point sources observed both on and off axis are generally less than 5%-10%. The energy scale is known to better than 0.5% at 6.0 keV for both detectors. The results presented here have an impact on the calibration of other medium resolution X-ray experiments such as the CCDs on board ASCA (Astro-D) as well as the Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility detectors.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (ISSN 0067-0049); 96; 1; p. 303-324
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  • 3
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    ASCA observations of Cassiopeia A (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The ASCA Observatory provides the first capability to map a diffuse X-ray source in individually resolved emission lines. We have applied this capability to the Cas A supernova remnant, measuring the mean energies and equivalent widths of 14 line features in three distinct spatial regions. The northwest (NW) and southeast (SE) regions provide the large fraction of the X-ray emission at energies below 4 keV, and define the axis of a Doppler map of the remnant constructed by measuring the peak energy of the prominent Si-K feature. Using restoration techniques to obtain image quality equivalent to 30 sec full width at half maximum (FWHM), we present restored images in the two brightest line features, and in two continuum bands. An emission region in the west is increasingly prominent at higher energies, and its markedly lower metallicity and correlation with radio emission suggest that its X-ray emission has a larger component from fore-shocked material than do the NW and SE regions where the emission is presumed to be dominated by reverse-shocked material.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: PASJ: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (ISSN 0004-6264); 46; 4; p. L151-L155
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  • 4
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    Gamma-ray astronomy--A status report (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Gamma-rays provide us with powerful insight into the highest energy processes occurring in the cosmos. This review highlights some of the progress in our understanding of gamma-ray astronomy that has been enabled by new data from GRANAT and the Compton Gamma-Ray Observaatory, and suggests requirements for future progress. In particular, the unique role of the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) mission and concurrent multiwavelength observations is highlighted.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (ISSN 0067-0049); 92; 2; p. 693-697
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  • 5
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    OSO-8 GSFC results on Cen X-3 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: Spectra of Cen X-3 during eclipse, in transition out of eclipse, and during several later phases of the binary orbit were obtained from quick look data of the July 16-25, 1975 observation by the Goddard X-ray spectroscopy experiment on OSO-8. In the high state there was no absorption turn over. Pulsations were present at least to 23 keV. The spectrum at the pulse minimum was flatter above 7 keV than that of the pulse peak. In transition out of eclipse Cen X-3 emerged above a small low energy flux seen during eclipse. The observations appear to indicate absorption by cold and ionized matter and the presence of iron in the companion's atmosphere. Decreased intensities were observed at late phases of some binary orbits in some cases corresponding to dips. Absorption appears although the low energy component remains. Variable features may be interpretable as absorption and emission by iron and possibly other trace elements.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: X-ray Binaries; p 207-218
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  • 6
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    OSO-8 observations of Hercules X-1 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: The X-ray binary Her X-1 was observed by the GSFC cosmic X-ray detectors aboard OSO-8 between August 26 and September 3, 1975. The results reported are based on quick look tapes which contain less than 10% of the total time spent on source. Spectra were observed during different phases of the binary period including the anomalous low state (dip) in X-ray intensity. The normal high spectra is well represented by a power law with a short cutoff above approximately 25 keV. A significant and varying enhancement in the intensity around 6.7 keV was observed, suggesting the presence of an iron line. Absorption was seen in the spectrum immediately following eclipse. The dip spectrum is found to be considerably flattened. Also spectra are presented for different phases of the pulse period.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: X-ray Binaries; p 161-168
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  • 7
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    New results from long-term observations of Cyg X-1 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: Observations of Cyg X-1 between October 1974 and July 1975 reveal a persistent 5.6 day modulation of the 3-6 keV X-ray intensity, having a minimum in phase with superior conjunction of the HDE 226868 binary system. The modulation is found to be most pronounced just prior to the April-May 1975 increase of Cyg X-1, after which both the modulation and intensity are at their lowest values for the entire duration of the observations. These data imply that the X-ray emission from Cyg X-1 arises from the compact member of HDE 226868, and that the increase of April-May 1975 may have represented the depletion of accreting material which had not yet been mixed into a cylindrically symmetric accretion disk about the compact member.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: X-ray Binaries; p 391-405
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  • 8
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    The observation program for the GSFC cosmic X-ray spectroscopy experiment (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: The cosmic X-ray spectroscopy experiment on OSO-8 will observe seven X-ray binary sources in its first six months of operation. If possible, each of these sources will be observed for one or more binary orbits so that the X-ray spectrum of each object can be observed through all phases of its orbit. For the two pulsing binaries, Her X-1 and Cen X-3, spectral variations over the pulse period will be studied. Simultaneous radio observations of Cyg X-1 and Cyg X-3 will search for any correlation between radio and X-ray emission. During the first year of operation, the detectors will observe over 50% of the known X-ray sources.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: X-ray Binaries; p 737-738
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  • 9
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    Long term X-ray studies of Sco X-1 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: No modulation of the 3-6 keV X-ray intensity of Sco X-1 at a level of excess of 1% is observed at the optical period of .787313d. Evidence is found for shot-noise character in a large fraction or the X-ray emission. Almost all of the Sco X-1 emission can be synthesized in terms of approximately 200 shots per day, each with a duration of approximately 1/3 day.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: X-ray Binaries; p 703-716
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  • 10
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    High resolution measurements of Cyg X-1 from rockets (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: Cyg X-1 was observed on two occasions (Oct. 4, 1973 and Oct. 3, 1974) by the Goddard X-ray rocket payload. This payload consisted of two gas proportional counters (xenon-methane with 710 sq cm and argon-methane with 610 sq cm using the same 128 channel pulse height analyzer and having 320 micro sec temporal resolution on the 1973 flight and 160 micro sec resolution on the 1974 flight. During both flights, bursts of 1 ms duration were observed with very high statistical certainty. To date all 13 of these bursts were analyzed for spectral and temporal character, and the results of this analysis are presented. The spectra of overall X-ray emission from both flights is also presented. In a source known for its variability, it is remarkable that the spectra taken one year apart are virtually identical.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: X-ray Binaries; p 443-451
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