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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Some 34 radio observatories in 18 countries are participating in the Radio Science Net of the International Halley Watch. Approximately 100 radio astronomers are contributing to this effort, which has included observations of comets P/Crommelin and P/Giacobini-Zinner as well as P/Halley. It is clear that the record of data for the 18 cm OH ground state lambda doublet, which provides fundamental information on the gas production rate, kinematics, and potentially the magnetic field in the coma, will be vastly more complete and of higher accuracy than has even been obtained on any previous comet. The coverage by a number of radio observatories will enable short period variations to be studied and correlated with simultaneous data obtained at other wavelengths. Likewise, the first definitive detection of the important parent molecule hydrogen cyanide in a comet was obtained and is being studied by groups in the United States, Sweden, and France. The first detection of the comet with the Very Large Array telescope operated by NRAO was achieved and has produced exciting results for the distribution of emission at high angular resolution from the OH radical. At this writing data are still being obtained and being processed, and there are still strong indications that exciting information will be obtained from radar studies of P/Halley and from searches for additional parent molecules.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1985; p 177-178
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Due to extremely favorable excitation conditions, comet Levy (1990c) exhibited in August-September 1990 the strongest OH 18-cm signal ever recorded in a comet at the Nancay radio telescope. This unique opportunity was used to measure the OH satellite lines at 1612 and 1721 MHz, to perform extensive mapping of the OH radio emission and to make a sensitive evaluation of the cometary magnetic field, of the H2O outflow velocity and of the OH production rate.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 1991; p 73-76
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: We observed three poor clusters with central dominant galaxies (AWM 4, MKW 4, and MKW 3's) using the Position Sensitive Proportional Counter on the ROSAT X-ray satellite. The images reveal smooth, symmetrical X-ray emission filling the cluster with a sharp peak on each central galaxy. The cluster surface brightness profiles can be decomposed using superposed King models for the central galaxy and the intracluster medium. The King model parameters for the cluster portions are consistent with previous observations of these clusters. The newly measured King model parameters for the central galaxies are typical of the X-ray surface brightness distributions of isolated elliptical galaxies. Spatially resolved temperature measurements in annular rings throughout the clusters show a nearly isothermal profile. Temperatures are consistent with previously measured values, but are much better determined. There is no significant drop in temperature noted in the innermost bins where cooling flows are likely to be present, nor is any excess absorption by cold gas required. All cold gas columns are consistent with galactic foreground absorption. We derive mass profiles for the clusters assuming both isothermal temperature profiles and cooling flow models with constant mass flow rates. Our results are consistent with previous Einstein IPC observations by Kriss, Cioffi, & Canizares, but extend the mass profiles out to 1 Mpc in these poor clusters.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-199320 , NAS 1.26:199320
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Nearly simultaneous optical, ultraviolet, and x ray observations of three low redshift quasars are presented. The EXOSAT x ray spectra span the range of observed spectral indices for quasars from the canonical 0.7 energy index typical of Seyfert galaxies for PG0923+129 (Mrk 705) to the steep spectral indices frequently seen in higher luminosity quasars with an index of 1.58 for PG0844+349 (Ton 951). None of the quasars exhibits any evidence for a soft x ray excess. This is consistent with accretion disk spectra fit to the IR through UV continua of the quasars -- the best fitting disk spectra peak at approximately 6 eV with black hole masses in the range 5 x 10(exp 7) to 1 x 10(exp 9) solar mass and mass accretion rates of approximately 0.1 times the Eddington-limited rate. These rather soft disk spectra are also compatible with the observed optical and ultraviolet line ratios.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-186355 , NAS 1.26:186355
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: As part of a program to determine the mass distribution of cD galaxy clusters with cooling flows, we obtained a ROSAT image of the cluster A 496. The image reveals sharply peaked emission centered on the cD galaxy. Both the peaked cooling flow emission and the more extended emission filling the cluster are centered on the cD galaxy to within 15 sec . The surface brightness profile is consistent with previous Einstein observations. We measure spatially resolved spectra for the X-ray emission, and find a significant decline in temperature in the innermost 2 min to 4 min. We also find a gradient in absorption due to cold neutral gas, with an excess above the neutral hydrogen column due to our own galaxy in the inner 4 min. The excess absorption, however, is far below previously reported values. The surface brightness profile and the spatially resolved temperature profile are indicative of a cooling flow in the cluster. Cooling flow models fit to the X-ray spectra in the innermost 2 min yield a mass flow rate of 59 solar mass yr(exp -1). The spatially resolved temperature and surface brightness profiles are used to derive the mass distribution of the cluster both in the hot, X-ray emitting plasma and in the unseen dark matter that binds the cluster. To a radius of 1.0 Mpc we find a total cluster mass of 3.44 x 10(exp 14) solar mass ; the X-ray emitting gas mass of 0.75 x 10(exp 14) solar mass to this radius comprises 16 percent of the total cluster mass.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-197534 , NAS 1.26:197534
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: As a part of a program to determine the mass distribution of cD galaxy clusters with cooling flows, we obtained a ROSAT image of the cluster A 496. The image reveals sharply peaked emission centered on the cD galaxy. Both the peaked cooling flow emission and the more extended emission filling the cluster are centered on the cD galaxy to within 15 sec. The surface brightness profile is consistent with previous Einstein HRI observations. We measure spatially resolved spectra for the x-ray emission, and find a significant decline in temperature in the innermost 2 to 4 min. We also find a gradient in absorption due to cold neutral gas, with excess absorption, however, is far below previously reported values. We caution that this is a progress report, and that our results are preliminary.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-191240 , NAS 1.26:191240
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observations of the DAO white dwarf PG1210+533, including the first high dispersion spectrum of a hybrid H-He object of this nature were obtained by IUE. In contrast with hot DAs in the 50,000 K temperature range, PG1210+533 shows no narrow interstellar-like metal lines, in spite of an optically observed He/H abundance of 0.1. This lack of metal makes accretion from the ISM an unlikely source for the He in the PG1210+533 photosphere. A significant discovery in the high dispersion spectrum is the existence of a sharp, non-LTE like, core seen in the He II 1640 line. Such features are detected in DO white dwarfs. A small aperture SWP low dispersion observation reveals the Lyman alpha profile of PG1210+533 to be surprisingly weak and narrow. Fits of this profile using pure H models yielded a T(eff) = 56,000 K. Fits of the Balmer H gamma profile however, yield T(eff) = 42,300 K and log g = 8.5 + or - 0.5 for the same models. It is unlikely that homogeneously mixed H-He atmospheres can resolve the inconsistency between the Lyman alpha and H gamma features in this star. Stratified models involving thin H photospheres may be necessary to explain these results.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: ESA, A Decade of UV Astronomy with the IUE Satellite, Volume 1; p 263-265
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Einstein IPC observations of the nearby Chamaeleon I star forming cloud show 22 well-resolved soft X-ray sources in a 1x2 deg region. Twelve are associated with H-alpha emission line pre-main sequence (PMS) stars, and four with optically selected PMS stars. Several X-ray sources have two or more PMS stars in their error circles. Optical spectra were obtained at CTIO of possible stellar counterparts of the remaining X-ray sources. They reveal 5 probable new cloud members, K7-MO stars with weak or absent emission lines. These naked X-ray selected PMS stars are similar to those found in the Taurus-Auriga cloud. The spatial distributions and H-R diagrams of the X-ray and optically selected PMS stars in the cloud are very similar. Luminosity functions indicate the Chamaeleon stars are on average approximately 5 times more X-ray luminous than Pleiad dwarfs. A significant correlation between L sub x and optical magnitude suggests this trend may continue within the PMS phase of stellar evolution. The relation of increasing X-ray luminosity with decreasing stellar ages is thus extended to stellar ages as young as 1 million years.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-181457 , NAS 1.26:181457
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Using the Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to observe the central region of M87, we have obtained spectra covering approximately 4600-6800 A at a spectral dispersion approximately 4.4 A per resolution element through the .26 sec diameter entrance aperture. One spectrum was obtained centered on the nucleus of M87 and two centered 0.25 sec off the nucleus at position angles of 21 deg and 201 deg, thus sampling the anticipated major axis of the disklike structure (described in a companion Letter) expected to lie approximately perpendicular to the axis of the M87 jet. Pointing errors for these observations are estimated to be less than 0.02 sec. Radial velocities of the ionized gas in the two positions 0.25 sec on either side of the nucleus are measured to be approx. equals +/- 500 km/s relative to the M87 systemic velocity. These observations plus emission-line spectra obtained at two additional locations near the nucleus show the ionized gas to be in Keplerian rotation about a mass M = (2.4 +/- 0.7) x 10(exp 9) solar mass within the inner 0.25 sec of M87. Our results provide strong evidence for the presence of a supermassive nuclear black hole in M87.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 435; 1; p. L35-L38
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A series of six images covering a complete rotation of the north polar region of Jupiter were obtained in February 1993 with the Faint Object Camera on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). These images provide the first global picture of the morphology of the Jovian ultraviolet aurora observed from Earth orbit. The camera passband was centered near 153 nm, a region dominated by the H2 Lyman bands and continuum. The successive exposures, taken approximately 90 min apart, are used to construct a polar view of the auroral zone. It is found that the auroral emissions do not exactly follow the footprint of a constant L-shell although the size of the oval and its location agree best with the footprints of the approximately equal to 30 R(sub J) field line in the GSFC O6 model of the Jovian magnetic field. The displacement between the observed auroral zone and the theoretical oval may indicate a possible distortion of the Jovian magnetic field lines near the surface. A comparison with two images at the same wavelength obtained 8 months earlier shows that the main morphological features are persistent, in spite of changes in the detailed emission distribution. Small scale features with characteristic sizes of approximately 1000 km are observed along the auroral oval. The change of morphology observed as a function of the System 3 longitude appears as a persistent characteristic of the morphology of the north polar aurora.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 42; 11; p. 905-917
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