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  • ASTRONOMY  (35)
  • SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION  (6)
  • 1
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    COBE diffuse infrared background experiment observations of Galactic reddening and stellar populations (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This Letter describes the results of an initial study of Galactic extinction and the colors of Galactic stellar populations in the near-IR using the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) aboard the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) spacecraft. The near-IR reddening observed by DIRBE is consistent with the extinction law tabulated by Rieke & Lebofsky (1985). The distribution of dust and stars in most of the first and fourth quadrants of the Galactic plane (0 deg less than l less than 90 deg, and 270 deg less than l less than 360 deg, respectively) can be modeled as a stellar background source seen through up to approximately 4 mag of extinction at 1.25 micrometers. The unreddened near-IR colors of the Galactic disk are similar to those of late-K and M giants. The Galactic bulge exhibits slightly bluer colors in the 2.2-3.5 micrometers range, as noted by Terndrup et al. (1991). Star-forming regions exhibit colors that indicate the presence of a approximately 900 K continuum produced by hot dust or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contributing at wavelengths as short as 3.5 micrometers.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 425; 2; p. L85-L88
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  • 2
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    The Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph: Instrument, goals, and science results (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS), currently in Earth orbit on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), operates in the wavelength range 1150-3200 A with spectral resolutions (lambda/delta lambda) of approximately 2 x 10(exp 3), 2 x 10(exp 4), and 1 x 10(exp 3). The instrument and its development from inception, its current status, the approach to operations, representative results in the major areas of the scientific goals, and prospects for the future are described.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Publications (ISSN 0004-6280); 106; 702; p. 890-908
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  • 3
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    The Hubble Space Telescope (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Hubble Space Telescope was launched from the Kennedy Space Center on April 24, 1990. Its initial check-out indicates that all sub-systems of the satellite are working very well, with two key exceptions: The line-of-sight pointing is subject to occasional jitter apparently induced by thermal stresses in the solar arrays; this is expected to be overcome. The telescope mirrors are found to contain approximately 0.5 wave rms of spherical aberration which cannot be overcome by any controls on board the satellite. This defect will limit the scientific performance of the telescope in the short run. However, the aberration can be fully corrected in the optical designs of future replacement instruments, and the delivery schedules of these instruments are being accelerated.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: In: Observatories in earth orbit and beyond (A93-23401 07-89); p. 3-7.
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  • 4
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    The High Resolution Spectrograph for the Space Telescope (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: The High Resoltuion Spectrograph (HRS) in conjunction with the Space Telescope (ST), extends ultraviolet astronomical spectroscopy to higher spectra, spatial, and time resolutions than previously achieved, as well as to fainter and more distant celestial objects. Other significant advances inherent in the instrument are high photometric accuracy and efficient operation via exposure meter control and real time rejection of bad data. These capabilities are provided to accomplish the scientific programs of the HRS investigation definition team, which concern the interstellar medium, stellar winds, and evolutionary aspects of stellar atmosphere studies; the determination of chemical abundances relevant to stellar evolution; the investigation of quasars and Seyfert galaxy nuclei; and the analysis of the atmospheres of solar system objects, including comets.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Space Telescope Science Inst. The Space Telescope Obs.; p 76-105
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  • 5
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    COBE DIRBE near-infrared polarimetry of the zodiacal light: Initial results (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This Letter describes near-infrared polarimetry of the zodiacal light at 2.2 micrometers, measured with the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) aboard the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) spacecraft. The polarization is due to scattering of sunlight. The polarization vector is perpendicular to the scattering plane, and its observed amplitude on the ecliptic equator at an elongation of 90 deg and ecliptic longitude of 10 deg declines from 12.0 +/- 0.4% at 1.25 micrometers to 8.0 +/- 0.6% at 3.5 micrometers (cf. 16% in the visible); the principal source of uncertainty is photometric noise due to stars. The observed near-infrared colors at this location are redder than Solar, but at 3.5 micrometers this is due at least in part to the thermal emission contribution from the interplanetary dust. Mie theory calculations show that both polarizations and colors are important in constraining models of interplanetary dust.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 431; 1; p. L63-L66
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  • 6
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    Early results from the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Data obtained with the FIR Absolute Spectrophotometer, Differential Microwave Radiometers, and Diffuse IR Background Experiment (DIRBE) on the COBE satellite since its launch in November 1989 are briefly characterized. The COBE spacecraft and its 900-km 99-deg orbit are described; the scientific goals and capabilities of the instruments are reviewed; and sample DIRBE data are presented in a map and graph. Upper limits on the Comptonization parameter (y less than 0.001) and the chemical potential (mu less than 0.01 at the 3sigma level) are determined, and the spectrum of the dipole anisotropy is shown to be that of a Doppler-shifted blackbody. The DIRBE 100-micron sky brightness values at the ecliptic poles are found to be significantly lower than those measured by IRAS.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 11; 2, 19; 181-191
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  • 7
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    Second generation spectrograph for the Hubble Space Telescope (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The preliminary design for the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), which has been selected by NASA for definition study for future flight as a second-generation instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), is presented. STIS is a two-dimensional spectrograph that will operate from 1050 A to 11,000 A at the limiting HST resolution of 0.05 arcsec FWHM, with spectral resolutions of 100, 1200, 20,000, and 100,000 and a maximum field-of-view of 50 x 50 arcsec. Its basic operating modes include echelle model, long slit mode, slitless spectrograph mode, coronographic spectroscopy, photon time-tagging, and direct imaging. Research objectives are active galactic nuclei, the intergalactic medium, global properties of galaxies, the origin of stellar systems, stelalr spectral variability, and spectrographic mapping of solar system processes.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
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  • 8
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    Electron densities for 10 planetary nebulae derived from the semiforbidden C III lambda 1907/1909 ratio. II (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Electron densities for IC 351, IC 2165, J900, IC 3568, NGC 6644, NGC 6891, IC 4997, NGC 7009, Hu 1-2, and IC 5217 are derived from high-dispersion semiforbidden C III spectrograms. For seven of these nebulae, the derived electron density is larger than the values derived from either surface brightness measurements or forbidden line ratios. Only one object, Hu 1-2, shows pronounced splitting of the semiforbidden C III emission lines due to a large expansion velocity.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 246
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  • 9
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    Infrared, optical, and ultraviolet observations of hydrogen line emission from Seyfert galaxies (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Nearly simultaneous observations are reported of P-alpha, H-alpha, and H-beta emission from 18 Seyfert galaxies and of Ly-alpha from eight of these galaxies. In many cases, P-alpha is stronger relative to the Balmer lines than is predicted by recombination calculations; reddening appears to be required. Dispersion in the P-alpha/H-alpha/H-beta ratios orthogonal to the reddening track indicates that high densities or optical depths also affect the line flux ratios. Several galaxies, notably NGC 1275, have very low P-alpha/H-alpha ratios. High densities, large optical depths, and reddening probably all contribute to the low observed Ly-alpha/H-beta ratios.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 256
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  • 10
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    Bibliographical index of objects observed by IUE (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Six astronomical journals were searched and 343 papers describing studies using data obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer satellite were identified. From a review of these papers, the names of the astronomical objects discussed were recorded and compiled into a list of 2460 entries, along with each reference, and sorted by object name or catalogue number. This index enables a user to tell immediately where to find published papers describing IUE observation of the objects of interest to him.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Advan. in Ultraviolet Astron.; p 322-325
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