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  • 1
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    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The development of the communications satellite system is discussed, taking into account a suggestion by Clarke in 1945 concerning the significance of geosynchronous satellites, the establishment of Intelsat, reductions in the cost of transatlantic telephone calls as a result of satellite communications service, questions of satellite cost, and the need for larger satellites. It is pointed out that the use of the Space Shuttle will reduce the cost of placing a satellite in orbit from more than half to less than a quarter of the total cost of design, construction, and launch. Attention is given to studies of a personal communications system which involves direct broadcast from a 'wrist watch radio' to a high-capacity, multibeam satellite for retransmission to ground communications centrals.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Spaceflight; 19; Apr. 197
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The history and current status of reusable launch vehicle (RLV) development are surveyed, with emphases on the contributions of Eugen Saenger and ongoing NASA projects. Topics addressed include the capabilities and achievements of the Space Shuttle, the need to maintain a fleet with both ELVs and RLVs to meet different mission requirements, the X-30 testbed aircraft for the National Aerospace Plane program, current design concepts for Shuttle II (a 1000-ton fully reusable two-stage rocket-powered spacecraft capable of carrying 11,000 kg to Space Station orbit), proposals for dual-fuel-propulsion SSTO RLVs, and the Space Station Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle and Orbital Transfer Vehicle. The importance of RLVs and of international cooperation in establishing the LEO infrastructure needed for planetary exploration missions is stressed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Zeitschrift fuer Flugwissenschaften und Weltraumforschung (ISSN 0342-068X); 12; 1-5
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: It is pointed out that founded on the experiences of Apollo, Skylab, and the Apollo/Soyuz mission an era is entered which will be characterized by a displacement of the interface between the experimenter and his experiment from the control center on the ground to the laboratory in orbit. A new world has been opened by going into space. Economic applications are related to the achievement of an enormous efficiency in world communications at a much lower cost. However, programs of space exploration and usage are under severe economic constraints. A primary tool to lower the cost of programs is to be the Space Transportation System using the Space Shuttle. It is emphasized that the Shuttle system is an international enterprise. Attention is also given to the results of the Viking missions, the Landsat satellites, and applications of space technology for science and commerce.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: IAF PAPER V-76-1 , International Astronautical Congress; Oct 10, 1976 - Oct 16, 1976; Anaheim, CA
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