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  • 1
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    Integration of altitude and airspeed information into a primary flight display via moving-tape formats (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A ground-based aircraft simulation study was conducted to determine the effect on pilot performance of replacing the electromechanical altimeter and airspeed indicators with electronically generated representations integrated into the primary flight display via moving-tape (linear moving scale) formats. Several key factors relating to moving-tape formats were examined during the study: tape centering, secondary (trend) information, and tape orientation. The factor of centering refers to whether the tape was centered about the actual airspeed or altitude or about some defined reference value. Tape orientation refers to whether the values represented are arranged in either descending or ascending order. Six pilots participated in this study, with each subject performing 18 runs along a single, known flight profile. Subjective results indicated that the moving-tape formats were generally better than that of the conventional instruments. They also indicated that an actual-centered fixed pointer was preferred to a reference-centered pointer. Performance data for a visual secondary task showed that formats not containing trend information produced better performance; however, no difference was noted in airspeed tracking or altitude tracking performance. Regarding tape orientation, subjective comments indicated that there was lower work load and better performance when the airspeed tape had the high numbers at the top.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-TM-89064 , L-16221 , NAS 1.15:89064
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Development and evaluation of an airplane electronic display format aligned with the inertial velocity vector (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The development of an electronic primary flight display format aligned with the aircraft velocity vector, a simulation evaluation comparing this format with an electronic attitude-aligned primary flight display format, and a flight evaluation of the velocity-vector-aligned display format are described. Earlier tests in turbulent conditions with the electronic attitude-aligned display format had exhibited unsteadiness. A primary objective of aligning the display format with the velocity vector was to take advantage of a velocity-vector control-wheel steering system to provide steadiness of display during turbulent conditions. Better situational awareness under crosswind conditions was also achieved. The evaluation task was a curved, descending approach with turbulent and crosswind conditions. Primary flight display formats contained computer-drawn perspective runway images and flight-path angle information. The flight tests were conducted aboard the NASA Transport Systems Research Vehicle (TSRV). Comparative results of the simulation and flight tests were principally obtained from subjective commentary. Overall, the pilots preferred the display format aligned with the velocity vector.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-TP-2648 , L-16168 , NAS 1.60:2648
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Integration of altitude and airspeed information into a primary flight display via moving-tape formats: Evaluation during random tracking task (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A ground-based aircraft simulation study was conducted to determine the effects on pilot preference and performance of integrating airspeed and altitude information into an advanced electronic primary flight display via moving-tape (linear moving scale) formats. Several key issues relating to the implementation of moving-tape formats were examined in this study: tape centering, tape orientation, and trend information. The factor of centering refers to whether the tape was centered about the actual airspeed or altitude or about some other defined reference value. Tape orientation refers to whether the represented values are arranged in descending or ascending order. Two pilots participated in this study, with each performing 32 runs along seemingly random, previously unknown flight profiles. The data taken, analyzed, and presented consisted of path performance parameters, pilot-control inputs, and electrical brain response measurements.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-TM-4010 , L-16309 , NAS 1.15:4010
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Flight management of advanced systems in the crew station (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: The present investigation is concerned with studies which are being conducted to explore the integration of advanced flight control/management concepts for both near and far term application. A description is given of a simulation experiment in which several elements of a transport type aircraft system design are examined. Attention is also given to research related to advanced systems/flight management information and computations development for piloted simulation and flight testing. An initial set of informational, control, and layout requirements for an advanced crew-station research facility is also presented.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Simulation development and evaluation of an improved longitudinal velocity vector control wheel steering mode and electronic display format (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Using simulation, an improved longitudinal velocity vector control wheel steering mode and an improved electronic display format for an advanced flight system were developed and tested. Guidelines for the development phase were provided by test pilot critique summaries of the previous system. The results include performances from computer generated step column inputs across the full airplane speed and configuration envelope, as well as piloted performance results taken from a reference line tracking task and an approach to landing task conducted under various environmental conditions. The analysis of the results for the reference line tracking and approach to landing tasks indicates clearly detectable improvement in pilot tracking accuracy with a reduction in physical workload. The original objectives of upgrading the longitudinal axis of the velocity vector control wheel steering mode were successfully met when measured against the test pilot critique summaries and the original purpose outlined for this type of augment control mode.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-TP-1664 , L-13435
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Flight-test evaluation of two electronic display formats for approach to landing under instrument conditions (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results of a flight evaluation of two electronic display formats for the approach to landing under instrument conditions are presented. The evaluation was conducted for a base-line electronic display format and for the same format with runway symbology and track information added. The evaluation was conducted during 3 deg, manual straight-in approaches with and without initial localizer offsets. Flight path tracking performance data and pilot subjective comments were examined with regard to the pilot's ability to capture and maintain localizer and glide slope by using both display formats.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-TP-1085 , L-11867
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    A piloted-simulation evaluation of two electronic display formats for approach and landing (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results of a piloted-simulation evaluation of the benefits of adding runway symbology and track information to a baseline electronic-attitude-director-indicator (EADI) format for the approach-to-landing task were presented. The evaluation was conducted for the baseline format and for the baseline format with the added symbology during 3 deg straight-in approaches with calm, cross-wind, and turbulence conditions. Flight-path performance data and pilot subjective comments were examined with regard to the pilot's tracking performance and mental workload for both display formats. The results show that the addition of a perspective runway image and relative track information to a basic situation-information EADI format improve the tracking performance both laterally and vertically during an approach-to-landing task and that the mental workload required to assess the approach situation was thus reduced as a result of integration of information.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8183 , L-10595
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Effects of combining vertical and horizontal information into a primary flight display (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A ground-based aircraft simulation study was conducted to determine the effects of combining vertical and horizontal flight information into a single display. Two display configurations were used in this study. The first configuration consisted of a Primary Flight Display (PFD) format and a Horizontal Situation Display (HSD) with the PFD displayed conventionally above the HSD. For the second display configuration, the HSD format was combined with the PFD format. Four subjects participated in this study. Data were collected on performance parameters, pilot-control inputs, auditory evoked response parameters (AEP), oculometer measurements (eye-scan), and heart rate. Subjective pilot opinion was gathered through questionnaire data and scorings for both the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) and the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). The results of this study showed that, from a performance and subjective standpoint, the combined configuration was better than the separate configuration. Additionally, both the eye-transition and eye-dwell times for the separate HSD were notably higher than expected, with a 46% increase in available visual time when going from double to single display configuration.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-TP-2783 , L-16366 , NAS 1.60:2783
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    The integration of control and display concepts for improved pilot situational awareness (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Consideration is given to a part of the Langley Terminal Configured Vehicle program in which the pilot is retained as an active segment of an integrated system. The pilot is active in the outer control loop and controls the orientation of the aircraft velocity. The pilot thus has a task, but a low workload. Attention is also given to first- and second-generation primary flight display for horizontal and vertical situation awareness.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Flight Safety Foundation, International Air Safety Seminar; Nov 09, 1981 - Nov 12, 1981; Acapulco; Mexico
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    A simulation investigation of cockpit display of aircraft traffic during curved, descending, decelerating approaches (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results of a simulation experiment involving the evaluation of cockpit display of aircraft traffic information are presented. The experiment was conducted using taped time dependent, noninteractive traffic in an approach to landing situation and two levels of pilot control models: 3-D automatic and computer augmented control. The tests involved two cases: the simulation aircraft flew approach paths which (1) followed another aircraft in between two other aircraft, and (2) merged between two other aircraft. Speed control via manual throttles was used in all tests (path stretching was not allowed for maintaining separation between aircraft). The approaches were conducted while the simulation aircraft was conducting a curved, descending, decelerating approach to landing. Performance data sets were examined, and subjective opinions regarding workload were gathered. Traffic positioning was varied to further evaluate the test subjects' monitoring performance.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-TM-80098
    Format: application/pdf
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