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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 26 (1998), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: AES depth profiling ; polycrystalline films ; sputtering-induced roughness ; AFM ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sputtering-induced surface roughness is the main source of degradation of the depth resolution observed during depth profiling of polycrystalline metals. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of polycrystalline Al films at different mean sputtered depths are used to calculate both the depth distribution function (DDF) and the angular distribution function (ADF) of the evolving Al grain surfaces. The shape of the DDF changes with increasing mean sputtered depth, which implies the generation of two different roughness stages during sputtering. However, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling and AFM results show a linear increase of roughness vs. mean sputtered depth in the case of evaporated, polycrystalline Al films. A simple model is developed to calculate the AES intensity for a rough surface. The intensity behaviour as a function of the sputtering time depends on the ADF of microplanes and on the sample tilt angle and generally shows a marked decrease for high tilt angles. The sputtering rate distribution is determined using the DDF. A good fit of the AES depth profile of the Al film requires both the calculated intensity behaviour and the convolution using the DDF, which depends on the sputtering time. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Bovine leukemia virus ; PH05 ; PGK ; tumor virus ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; viral antigens ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: DNA sequences of the envelop (env) gene of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) were expressed in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two yeast promoters, the responsible PH05 promoter and the constitutive PGK promoter, were used to construct four expression plasmids either a sequence of the surface antigen gp51 or a (gp51 + gp30) sequence.The expressed hetrologous gene products were characterized by Western blot analysis and competitive radio-immunoassay. By means of Northern blot analysis the steady-state level of env-specific mRNA was analysed.The highest expression rate was obtained from recombinant plasmid YEpSG 94 comprising a gp51 sequence - a 630 base pair fragment containing 70% of the gp51 but lacking the N terminus - as well as the PH05 promoter including PH05 signal sequence and the PH05 terminator. The recombinant gp51 was partially lycosylated but the PH05 signal peptide did not seem to be cleaved off. No immunoreactive material could be found in the periplasm or in the culture medium.By means of monoclonal antibodies directed against eight different epitopes of viral gp51, all for sequential antigenic determinants were detected in the AH 216(YEpSG 94) expression product.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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