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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An approach was developed to aid in the integration of many of the biomedical findings of space flight, using systems analysis. The mathematical tools used in accomplishing this task include an automated data base, a biostatistical and data analysis system, and a wide variety of mathematical simulation models of physiological systems. A keystone of this effort was the evaluation of physiological hypotheses using the simulation models and the prediction of the consequences of these hypotheses on many physiological quantities, some of which were not amenable to direct measurement. This approach led to improvements in the model, refinements of the hypotheses, a tentative integrated hypothesis for adaptation to weightlessness, and specific recommendations for new flight experiments.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: The 11th Space Simulation Conf.; p 149-162
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  • 2
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Calcium/musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, erythropoieses, and fluid and electrolyte/renal regulation are discussed. Modeling and software development are also discussed.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-167821 , NAS 1.26:167821
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A detailed description of Guyton's model and modifications are provided. Also included are descriptions of several typical experiments which the model can simulate to illustrate the model's general utility. A discussion of the problems associated with the interfacing of the model to other models such as respiratory and thermal regulation models which is prime importance since these stimuli are not present in the current model is also included. A user's guide for the operation of the model on the Xerox Sigma 3 computer is provided and two programs are described. A verification plan and procedure for performing experiments is also presented.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-160212 , TIR-741-MED-3042
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Research in the area of modeling of the fluid and electrolyte system is briefly reviewed and a model of this system, which is adequate for a basic description of the requisite physiological processes, is presented. The use of this model as an individual subsystem model and as a component of a more complete human model is discussed.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-160210
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The model is basically a three-compartment model, the three compartments being the plasma, interstitial fluid and cellular fluid. Sodium, potassium, chloride and urea are the only major solutes considered explicitly. The control of body water and electrolyte distribution is affected via drinking and hormone levels. Basically, the model follows the effect of various oral input water loads on solute and water distribution throughout the body.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-160205 , TIR-741-MED-3010
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  • 6
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Acid-base regulation is a cooperative phenomena in vivo with body fluids, extracellular and intracellular buffers, lungs, and kidneys all playing important roles. The present account is much too brief to be considered a review of present knowledge of these regulatory systems, and should be viewed, instead, as a guide to the elements necessary to construct a simple model of the mutual interactions of the acid-base regulatory systems of the body.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-160222 , TIR-741-MED-4017
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: The contribution of mathematical modeling and computer simulation to the understanding of problems arising during weightless space flight is reviewed. Examples from fluid, endocrine, and circulatory regulation are provided to illustrate the utility of modeling as an adjunct to the process of scientific inquiry, especially in the development and theoretical testing of hypotheses. The models were used to examine the acute and chronic phases of space flight. Paradoxial results appear when data obtained during chronic adaptation is interpreted using theories which pertain to acute adjustments. The modeling process provides a means of developing a theoretical basis for interpreting the chronic adaptive phase of flight.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: ESA Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Space Physiology; p 233-244
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Previous fundamental research in space life sciences is examined, and consideration is devoted to studies relevant to Space Station activities. Microgravity causes weight loss, hemoconcentration, and orthostatic intolerance when astronauts returns to earth. Losses in bone density, bone calcium, and muscle nitrogen have also been observed, together with cardiovascular deconditioning, fluid-electrolyte metabolism alteration, and space sickness. Experiments have been performed with plants, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, tissue cultures, invertebrate species, and with nonhuman vertebrates, showing little effect on simple cell functions. The Spacelab first flight will feature seven life science experiments and the second flight, two. Further studies will be performed on later flights. Continued life science studies to optimize human performance in space are necessary for the efficient operation of a Space Station and the assembly of large space structures, particularly in interaction with automated machinery.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: AIAA PAPER 83-7089
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The present work discusses a model of the cardiovascular system and related subsystems capable of long-term simulations of the type desired for in-space hypogravic human physiological performance prediction. The discussion centers around the model of Guyton and modifications of it. In order to draw attention to the fluid handling capabilities of the model, one of several transfusion simulations performed is presented, namely, the isotonic saline transfusion simulation.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Modeling and simulation. Volume 5 - Fifth Annual Pittsburgh Conference; Apr 24, 1974 - Apr 26, 1974; Pittsburgh, PA
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  • 10
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A quantitative approach to modeling human physiological function, with a view toward ultimate application to long duration space flight experiments, was undertaken. Data was obtained on the effect of weightlessness on certain aspects of human physiological function during 1-3 month periods. Modifications in the Guyton model are reviewed. Design considerations for bilateral interface models are discussed. Construction of a functioning whole body model was studied, as well as the testing of the model versus available data.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-147674 , TIR-741-MED-4021
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