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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The paper reports the results of a conceptual design study of new near-term fuel-conservative aircraft. A parametric study was made to determine the effects of cruise Mach number and fuel cost on the optimum configuration characteristics and relative economic performance. Supercritical wing technology and advanced engine cycles were assumed. For each design, the wing geometry was selected to maximize an economic figure of merit which reflects the potential rate of return on investment. Based on the results of the parametric study, a reduced energy configuration was selected. Compared with existing transport design, the reduced energy design has a higher aspect ratio wing with lower sweep, and cruises at a slightly lower Mach number. It yields about 30% more seat-miles/gal than current wide-body aircraft. At the higher fuel costs anticipated in the future, the reduced energy design has about the same economic performance as existing designs with the same technology level. As an example of a far-term technology application, a design with a composite material wing was also investigated.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 13; Aug. 197
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Three methods for measuring the acoustic properties of bulk materials have been evaluated. The methods differ from one another in their practical implementation and reliability. The two more convenient methods exploit changes in surface impedance of test samples resulting from a change in the test sample geometry or boundary conditions. The results from these surface methods are compared with that obtained using Scott's method. In Scott's method the propagation constant is obtained by a 'direct' measurement inside the test material by means of a probe tube. The comparisons suggest that the surface methods will provide reliable and accurate results when the test sample behaves as a rigid porous structure.
    Keywords: ACOUSTICS
    Type: Acoustical Society of America, Journal (ISSN 0001-4966); 74; 1577-158
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2016-03-09
    Description: The state of the art in theoretical and numerical models and experimentation on broadband noise propagation from high speed aircraft components such as jets and helicopter blades is detailed. Attention is given to noise produced by jets, shear layers and turbulence and to the acoustic properties of rotors. The generation and propagation of acoustic noise are discussed in terms of the evolution of concepts for flow-tone generation to include hydrodynamic instabilities. Consideration is also given to techniques for experimental studies and theoretical models for nonlinear features of acoustic propagation of broadband noise and acoustic propagation in partially-choked or soft-walled ducts.
    Keywords: ACOUSTICS
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: NASA Langley Research Center personnel have conducted an evaluation of the helicopter aural detection program I Can Hear It Now (ICHIN version-5). This was accomplished using flight noise data of five helicopters, obtained from a joint NASA and U.S. Army acoustics measurement program. The evaluation consisted of presenting the noise data to a jury of 20 subjects and to the ICHIN-5 program. A comparative study was then made of the detection distances determined by the jury and predicted by ICHIN-5. This report presents the changes made in the ICHIN-5 program as a result of this comparative study. The changes represent current psychoacoustics and propagation knowledge.
    Keywords: ACOUSTICS
    Type: NASA-TM-87745 , NAS 1.15:87745
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The unique capabilities of the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) for testing rotorcraft systems are described. The test facilities include the 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel, the 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnel, and the Outdoor Aerodynamic Research Facility. The Ames 7- by 10-Foot Subsonic Wind Tunnel is also used in support of the rotor research programs conducted in the NFAC. Detailed descriptions of each of the facilities, with an emphasis on helicopter rotor test capability, are presented. The special purpose rotor test equipment used in conducting helicopter research is reviewed. Test rigs to operate full-scale helicopter main rotors, helicopter tail rotors, and tilting prop-rotors are available, as well as full-scale and small-scale rotor systems for use in various research programs. The test procedures used in conducting rotor experiments are discussed together with representative data obtained from previous test programs. Specific examples are given for rotor performance, loads, acoustics, system interactions, dynamic and aeroelastic stability, and advanced technology and prototype demonstration models.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-TM-86687 , REPT-85140 , NAS 1.15:86687
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effect of random and systematic errors associated with the measurement of normal incidence acoustic impedance in a zero-mean-flow environment was investigated by the transmission line method. The influence of random measurement errors in the reflection coefficients and pressure minima positions was investigated by computing fractional standard deviations of the normalized impedance. Both the standard techniques of random process theory and a simplified technique were used. Over a wavelength range of 68 to 10 cm random measurement errors in the reflection coefficients and pressure minima positions could be described adequately by normal probability distributions with standard deviations of 0.001 and 0.0098 cm, respectively. An error propagation technique based on the observed concentration of the probability density functions was found to give essentially the same results but with a computation time of about 1 percent of that required for the standard technique. The results suggest that careful experimental design reduces the effect of random measurement errors to insignificant levels for moderate ranges of test specimen impedance component magnitudes. Most of the observed random scatter can be attributed to lack of control by the mounting arrangement over mechanical boundary conditions of the test sample.
    Keywords: ACOUSTICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8520 , L-11231
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: During the YF-16 and F-16 developmental wind tunnel test program, numerous variations in nose and forebody strakes were investigated. These data were reviewed, and the strake aerodynamic characteristics coalesced into design guidelines for the application of strakes to fighter aircraft. The design guides take the form of general equations governing the modification of forebody strakes to obtain a linear pitching moment curve and the calculation of the resulting lift and drag increments. Additionally, qualitative comments are made concerning the effects of strake geometry on lateral/directional stability. It is concluded that the generation of incremental strake lift is primarily dependent upon the area affected by the strake-induced vortex and that strake planform is of secondary importance. Forebody strakes have small beneficial effects on lateral/directional stability if properly designed; however, significant gains are easily attained with nose strakes.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AGARD High Angle of Attack Aerodyn.; 11 p
    Format: text
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An experimental investigation of a two-dimensional model of bluff body wake-surface interaction noise examines the changes in the flow field associated with changes in sound generated. Results show three distinct flow regimes separated by large differences in wake structure. In the first, with the surface in the near wake, discrete frequency sound is totally suppressed. At greater separation distances an amplified discrete frequency tone, a wake tone, is generated with the frequency a function of the separation distance. The final regime, with the surface in the far wake, is similar to a wake with no surface interaction.
    Keywords: ACOUSTICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 78-238 , Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 16, 1978 - Jan 18, 1978; Huntsville, AL
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper reports the results of a conceptual design study of new, near-term fuel-conservative aircraft. A parametric study was made to determine the effects of cruise Mach number and fuel cost on the 'optimum' configuration characteristics and on economic performance. Supercritical wing technology and advanced engine cycles were assumed. For each design, the wing geometry was optimized to give maximum return on investment at a particular fuel cost. Based on the results of the parametric study, a reduced energy configuration was selected. Compared with existing transport designs, the reduced energy design has a higher aspect ratio wing with lower sweep, and cruises at a lower Mach number. It yields about 30% more seat-miles/gal than current wide-body aircraft. At the higher fuel costs anticipated in the future, the reduced energy design has about the same economic performance as existing designs.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AIAA PAPER 75-303 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Annual Meeting and Technical Display; Feb 24, 1975 - Feb 26, 1975; Washington, DC
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The YF-16 and F-16 developmental wind tunnel test program was reviewed and all force data pertinent to the design of forebody and nose strakes extracted. A complete set of these data is presented without analysis.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-158922
    Format: application/pdf
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