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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic activity related to the 1991 eruption of Colima Volcano, Mexico (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 56 (1994), S. 228-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Colima Volcano ; Mexico ; volcanic earthquakes ; harmonic tremors ; volcanic hazard ; monitoring of volcanos ; correlation of eruptive and seismic activities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Ten years after the last effusive eruption and at least 15 years of seismic quiescence, volcanic seismic activity started at Colima volcano on 14 February 1991, with a seismic crisis which reached counts of more than 100 per day and showed a diversity of earthquake types. Four other distinct seismic crises followed, before a mild effusive eruption in April 1991. The second crisis preceded the extrusion of an andesitic scoriaceous lava lobe, first reported on 1 March; during this crisis an interesting temporary concentration of seismic foci below the crater was observed shortly before the extrusion was detected. The third crisis was constituted by shallow seismicity, featuring possible mild degassing explosion-induced activity in the form of hiccups (episodes of simple wavelets that repeat with diminishing amplitude), and accompanied by increased fumarolic activity. The growth of the new lava dome was accompanied by changing seismicity. On 16 April during the fifth crisis which consisted of some relatively large, shallow, volcanic earthquakes and numerous avalanches of older dome material, part of the newly extruded dome, which had grown towards the edge of the old dome, collapsed, producing the largest avalanches and ash flows. Afterwards, block lava began to flow slowly along the SW flank of the volcano, generating frequent small incandescent avalanches. The seismicity associated with the stages of this eruptive activity shows some interesting features: most earthquake foci were located north of the summit, some of them relatively deep (7–11 km below the summit level), underneath the saddle between the Colima and the older Nevado volcanoes. An apparently seismic quiet region appears between 4 and 7 km below the summit level. In June, harmonic tremors were detected for the first time, but no changes in the eruptive activity could be correlated with them. After June, the seismicity decreasing trend was established, and the effusive activity stopped on September 1991.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279608
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic activity related to the 1991 eruption of Colima Volcano, Mexico (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 56 (1994), S. 228-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words: Colima Volcano ; Mexico ; volcanic earthquakes ; harmonic tremors ; volcanic hazard ; monitoring of volcanos ; correlation of eruptive and seismic activities.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract. Ten years after the last effusive eruption and at least 15 years of seismic quiescence, volcanic seismic activity started at Colima volcano on 14 February 1991, with a seismic crisis which reached counts of more than 100 per day and showed a diversity of earthquake types. Four other distinct seismic crises followed, before a mild effusive eruption in April 1991. The second crisis preceded the extrusion of an andesitic scoriaceous lava lobe, first reported on 1 March; during this crisis an interesting temporary concentration of seismic foci below the crater was observed shortly before the extrusion was detected. The third crisis was constituted by shallow seismicity, featuring possible mild degassing explosion-induced activity in the form of hiccups (episodes of simple wavelets that repeat with diminishing amplitude), and accompanied by increased fumarolic activity. The growth of the new lava dome was accompanied by changing seismicity. On 16 April during the fifth crisis which consisted of some relatively large, shallow, volcanic earthquakes and numerous avalanches of older dome material, part of the newly extruded dome, which had grown towards the edge of the old dome, collapsed, producing the largest avalanches and ash flows. Afterwards, block lava began to flow slowly along the SW flank of the volcano, generating frequent small incandescent avalanches. The seismicity associated with the stages of this eruptive activity shows some interesting features: most earthquake foci were located north of the summit, some of them relatively deep (7–11 km below the summit level), underneath the saddle between the Colima and the older Nevado volcanoes. An apparently seismic quiet region appears between 4 and 7 km below the summit level. In June, harmonic tremors were detected for the first time, but no changes in the eruptive activity could be correlated with them. After June, the seismicity decreasing trend was established, and the effusive activity stopped on September 1991.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450050032
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of annealing temperature on structural, electrical and optical properties of WSi2 (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 81.40.Tv ; 81.40.Rs ; 78.65.Ez
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract WSi2 polycrystalline films of different thicknesses were prepared by low pressure chemical vapor deposition on silicon wafers, and their crystallization properties were studied as a function of the annealing temperature. Structural measurements were performed by X-ray diffraction, detailing for the first time the phase transition from the amorphous to the hexagonal structure at an annealing temperature 380° C and from hexagonal to tetragonal above 700° C. The electrical sheet resistance showed the same transition temperatures. Optical characterization was performed by spectroscopic ellipsometry, and the real and imaginary part of the complex refractive index were obtained as a function of the annealing temperature in the 0.25–0.9 μm wavelength range. A broad optical band was found for samples annealed up to 700° C, while for higher annealing temperatures a transparency region for wavelengths greater than 0.5 μm and some significant structures appear. A corresponding behavior was observed in the infrared reflectance spectra. Furthermore, it was shown that the determination of the thickness of SiO2 grown on WSi2 requires a multilayer model, taking into account the transparency of tetragonal WSi2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323908
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